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河南理工大学-专升本英语2
Write a paragraph about Rachel Carson in about 120 words
[填空题,20分] Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. __6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down. Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to pick a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) disappointed expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, mentioning that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around Similarly , the physical act of laughter could improve mood. 1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like 2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce 3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining 4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe 5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable 6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief 7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected 8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes 9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance 10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal 11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for 12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at 13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because 14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses 15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond
Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright. Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual 7 — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 . Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to determine the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really for , not merely how much of it there is. Above all , they would hope to study a fundamental question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? So far the results are inconclusive. 1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine 2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened 3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer 4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority 5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward 6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along 7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual 8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think 9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different 10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward 11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs 12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across 13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply 14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance 15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest
Amtrak (美国铁路客运公司)was experiencing a downswing in ridership (客运量)along the lines comprising its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham, were the long-distance western routes where ridership had been declining significantly. ]At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast areas of the west. Trains were fast, very luxurious, and quite convenient compared to other forms of transportation existing at the time. However, times change and the automobile became America‘s standard of convenience. Also, air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances. Therefore, the task for DDB Needham was to encourage consumers to consider other aspects of train travel in order to change their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered for travel in the west. Two portions of the total market were targeted:1)anxious fliers—those concerned with safety, relaxation, and cleanliness and 2)travel-lovers—those viewing themselves as relaxed, casual, and interested in the travel experience as part of their vacation. The agency then developed a campaign that focused on travel experiences such as freedom, escape, relaxation, and enjoyment of the great western outdoors. It stressed experiences gained by using the trains and portrayed western train trips as wonderful adventures. Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains (Empire Builder, etc. ). These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most effectively reach target audiences. Results were impressive. The Empire Builder, which was focused on in one ad, enjoyed a 15 percent increase in profits on its Chicago to Seattle route. 1.What‘s the author‘s purpose in writing this passage? 【外语教育&网www.for68.com】 A) To show the inability of trains to compete with planes with respect to speed and convenience. B) To stress the influence of the automobile on America‘s standard of convenience. C) To emphasize the function of travel agencies in market promotion. D) To illustrate the important role of persuasive communication in changing consumer attitudes. 2.It can be inferred from the passage that the drop in Amtrak ridership was due to the fact that ________. A) trains were not suitable for short distance passenger transportation B) trains were not the fastest and most convenient form of transportation C) trains were not as fast and convenient as they used to be D) trains could not compete with planes in terms of luxury and convenience 3.To encourage consumers to travel by train, DDB Needham emphasized ________. A) the freedom and convenience provided on trains B) the practical aspects of train travel C) the adventurous aspects of train trips D) the safety and cleanliness of train trips 4.The train ads were placed among family-oriented TV programs involving nature and America because ________. A) they could focus on meaningful travel experiences B) they could increase the effectiveness of the TV programs C) their profits could be increased by some 15 percent D) most travel-lovers and nervous fliers were believed to be among the audiences 5.According to the passage, the Empire Builder enjoyed an increase in ridership and profits because ________. A) the attractiveness of its name and route was effectively advertised B) it provided an exciting travel experience C) its passengers could enjoy the great western outdoors D) it was widely advertised in newspapers and magazines in Chicago and Seattle
Brazil has become one of the developing world‘s great successes at reducing population growth-but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil has had better result without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard. Brazil‘s population growth rate has dropped from 2. 99%a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1. 93%a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2. 7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries. Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (通俗电视连续剧)and installment (分期付款)plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world‘s biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil‘s most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities. “Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values-not many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working, ”says Martine. “They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior and other values, which were put into a very attractive package. ”Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. “This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was incompatible (不相容的)with unlimited reproduction, ”says Martine. 1.According to the passage, Brazil has cut back its population growth ________. A) by educating its citizens 【外语教育&网www.for68.com】 B) by careful family planning C) by developing TV programmes D) by chance 2.According to the passage, many Third World countries ________. A) haven‘t attached much importance to birth control B) would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rate C) haven‘t yet found an effective measure to control their population D) neglected the role of TV plays in family planning 3.The phrase “puts it down to”(Line 1, Para. 3)is closest in meaning to “________”. A) attributes it to B) finds it a reason for C) sums it up as D) compares it to 4.Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazil‘s birth rate because ________. A) they keep people sitting long hours watching TV B) they have gradually changed people‘s way of life C) people are drawn to their attractive package D) they popularize birth control measures 5.What is Martine‘s conclusion about Brazil‘s population growth? A) The increase in birth rate will promote consumption. B) The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate. C) Consumption patterns and reproduction patterns are contradictory. D) A country‘s production is limited by its population growth.
The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic device such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones. RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation (航空)industry, has recommended that all airlines ban (禁止)such devices from being used during “critical”stages of flight, particularly take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights. The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircraft‘s computers. Experts know that portable device emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not. The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable (易受损的)to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio systems in order to damage navigation equipment. As worrying, though, is the passenger who can‘t hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the music‘s too loud. 1.The passage is mainly about ________. A) a new regulation for al airlines B) the defects of electronic devices C) a possible cause of aircraft crashes D) effective safety measures for air flight 2.What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 15 years? A) They may have been caused by the damage to the radio systems. B) They may have taken place during take-off and landing. C) They were proved to have been caused by the passengers portable computers. D) They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference. 3.Few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic devices because ________. A) they don‘t believe there is such a danger as radio interference B) the harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to be proved C) most passengers refuse to take a plane which bans the use of radio and cassette players D) they have other effective safety measures to fall back on 4.Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electromagnetic fields on an airplane‘s computers? A) Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane. B) Because it remains a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered with. C) Because research scientists have not been able to produce the same effects in labs. D) Because experts lack adequate equipment to do such research. 5.It can be inferred from the passage that the author ________. A) is in favor of prohibiting passengers‘use of electronic devices completely B) has overestimated the danger of electromagnetic interference C) hasn‘t formed his own opinion on this problem D) regards it as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flight
The rise of multinational corporations (跨国公司), global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR. 【外语教育&网www.for68.com】 Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years ago, for example, the world‘s top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate (公司的)planning activities, compared to about one-third of U. S. companies. It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR. Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts (相对应的人)in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burson—Marshall‘ s U. S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country. Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN (Cable News Network). Turner recently announced that the word “foreign”would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such things as foreign. 1.According to the passage, U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because of ________. A) an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companies B) shrinking cultural differences and new communications technologies C) the decreasing number of multinational corporations in the U. S. D) increased efforts of other countries in public relations 2.London could soon replace New York as the center of PR because ________. A) British companies are more ambitious than U. S. companies B) British companies place more importance on PR than U. S. companies C) British companies are heavily involved in planning activities D) four of the world‘s top public relations agencies are British-owned 3.The word “provincial”(Line 2, Para. 3)most probably means “________”. A) limited in outlook B) like people from the provinces C) rigid in thinking D) interested in world financial affairs 4.We learn from the third paragraph that employees in the American PR industry ________. A) speak at least one foreign language fluently B) are ignorant about world geography C) are not as sophisticated as their European counterparts D) enjoy reading a great variety of English business publicationswww.Examw.com 5.What lesson might the PR industry take from Ted Turner of CNN? A) American PR companies should be more internationally-minded. B) The American PR industry should develop global communications technologies. C) People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign languages. D) People involved in PR should avoid using the word “foreign”.
Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判)decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees. The researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛)involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge. Observers noted down the referees‘errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number. The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的)distance is about 20 meters. There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second. If FIFA, football‘s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues. He also says that FIFA‘s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical. 1.The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ________. A) review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup B) analyse the causes of errors made by football referees C) set a standard for football refereeing D) reexamine the rules for football refereeing 2.The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was ________. A) slightly above average B) higher than in the 1998 World Cup C) quite unexpected D) as high as in a standard match 3.The findings of the experiment show that ________. A) errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball B) the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors C) the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occur D) errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot 4.The word “officials”(Line 2, Para. 4)most probably refers to ________. A) the researchers involved in the experiment B) the inspectors of the football tournament C) the referees of the football tournament D) the observers at the site of the experiment 5.What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment? A) The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45. B) Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee. C) A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible. D) An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.
There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do. In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world. What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained are same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的)peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles. Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent (进步). The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓)used by a baby in 3000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials. 1.The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that ________. A) their social roles are rigidly determined B) most boys would like to follow their fathers‘professions C) boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers D) they like challenging activities 2.One aspect of “the universality of toys”lies in the fact that ________. A) technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toys B) the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universities C) the exploration of the universe had led to the creation of new kinds of toys D) the basic characteristics of toys are the same the world over 3.Which of the following is the author‘s view on the historical development of toys? A) The craftsmanship in toy-making has remained essentially unchanged. B) Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries. C) The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years. D) Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child‘s character. 4.Regarded as a kind of art form, toys ________. A) follow a direct line of ascent B) also appeal greatly to adults C) are not characterized by technological progress D) reflect the pace of social progress 5.The author uses the example of rattle to show that ________. A) in toy-making there is a continuity in the sue of materials B) even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technology C) even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technology D) even a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the time
Believe it or not, optical illusion (错觉)can cut highway crashes. Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons (人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down. Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D. C. is planning to repeat Japan‘s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes. Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatest—curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars. Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway sped and the number of traffic accidents. 1.The passage mainly discusses ________. A) a new way of highway speed control B) a new pattern for painting highways C) a new approach to training drivers D) a new type of optical illusion 【外语教育&网www.for68.com】 2.On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that ________. A) they should avoid speed-related hazards B) they are driving in the wrong lane C) they should slow down their speed D) they are approaching the speed limit 3.The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former ________. A) can keep drivers awake B) can cut road accidents in half C) will have a longer effect on drivers D) will look more attractive 4.The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to ________. A) try out the Japanese method in certain areas B) change the road signs across the country C) replace straight, horizontal bars with chevrons D) repeat the Japanese road patterns 5.What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads? A) They are falling out of use in the United States . B) They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time. C) They are applicable only on broad roads. D) They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.
Why does cram go bad faster than butter?Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical composition—a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives. 【外语教育&网www.for68.com】 Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsions—tiny globules (小球体)of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. The difference lies in what‘s in the globules and what‘s in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst, who led the investigation. In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture. “This means that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture, ”he says. When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments (隔仓室)buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients (养料). They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products. “In butter, you get a self-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing, ”says Brocklehurst. The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the food‘s structure. Brocklehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump. 1.The significance of Brocklehurst‘s research is that ________. A) it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservatives B) it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butterwww.Examw.com C) it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butter D) it found that cream and butter share the same chemical composition 2.According to the researchers, cream sours fast than butter because bacteria ________. A) are more evenly distributed in cream B) multiply more easily in cream than in butter C) live on less fat in cream than in butter D) produce less waste in cream than in butter 3.According to Brocklehurst, we can keep cream fresh by ________. A) removing its fat B) killing the bacteria C) reducing its water content D) altering its structure 4.The word “colonies”(Line 2, Para. 4)refers to ________. A) tiny globules B) watery regions C) bacteria communities D) little compartments 5.Commercial application of the research finding will be possible if salad cream can be made resistant to bacterial attack ________. A) by varying its chemical composition B) by turning it into a solid lump C) while keeping its structure unchanged D) while retaining its liquid form
Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids (小行星)now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists. Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids (流星)that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth and don‘t threaten us. But there are also thousands of asteroids whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth. Buy $50 million worth of new telescopes right now. Then spend $10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, we‘ll have a way to change its course. Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldn‘t be cheap. Is it worth it?Two things experts consider when judging any risk re:1)How likely the event is;and 2)How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500, 000 years. Sounds pretty rare—but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world. “If we don‘t take care of these big asteroids, they‘ll take care of us, ”says one scientist. “It‘s that simple. ” The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth?“The world has less to fear from doomsday (毁灭性的)rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them, ”said a New York Times article. 1. What does the passage say about asteroids and meteoroids? A) They are heavenly bodies different in composition. B) They are heavenly bodies similar in nature. 【外语教育&网www.for68.com】 C) There are more asteroids than meteoroids. D) Asteroids are more mysterious than meteoroids. 2.What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth? A) It is very unlikely but the danger exists. B) Such a collision might occur once every 25 years. C) Collisions of smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected. D) It‘s still too early to say whether such a collision might occur. 3.What do people think of the suggestion of using nuclear weapons to alter the courses of asteroids? A) It sounds practical but it may not solve the problem. B) It may create more problems than it might solve. C) It is a waste of money because a collision of asteroids with Earth is very unlikely. D) Further research should be done before it is proved applicable. 4.We can conclude from the passage that ________. A) while pushing asteroids off course nuclear weapons would destroy the world B) asteroids racing across the night sky are likely to hit Earth in the near future C) the worry about asteroids can be left to future generations since it is unlikely to happen in our lifetime D) workable solutions still have to be found to prevent a collision of asteroids with Earth 5.Which of the following best describes the author‘s tone in this passage? A) Optimistic. B) Critical. C) Objective. D) Arbitrary.
] 愿意和我一起步行上山吗？
It seems that his flattery ____this time.
[填空题,20分] Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. __6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down. Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to pick a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) disappointed expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, mentioning that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around Similarly , the physical act of laughter could improve mood. 1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like 2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce 3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining 4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe 5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable 6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief 7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected 8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes 9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance 10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal 11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for 12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at 13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because 14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses 15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond
Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright. Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual 7 — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 . Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to determine the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really for , not merely how much of it there is. Above all , they would hope to study a fundamental question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? So far the results are inconclusive. 1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine 2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened 3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer 4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority 5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward 6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along 7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual 8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think 9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different 10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward 11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs 12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across 13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply 14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance 15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest
Amtrak (美国铁路客运公司)was experiencing a downswing in ridership (客运量)along the lines comprising its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham, were the long-distance western routes where ridership had been declining significantly. ]At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast areas of the west. Trains were fast, very luxurious, and quite convenient compared to other forms of transportation existing at the time. However, times change and the automobile became America‘s standard of convenience. Also, air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances. Therefore, the task for DDB Needham was to encourage consumers to consider other aspects of train travel in order to change their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered for travel in the west. Two portions of the total market were targeted:1)anxious fliers—those concerned with safety, relaxation, and cleanliness and 2)travel-lovers—those viewing themselves as relaxed, casual, and interested in the travel experience as part of their vacation. The agency then developed a campaign that focused on travel experiences such as freedom, escape, relaxation, and enjoyment of the great western outdoors. It stressed experiences gained by using the trains and portrayed western train trips as wonderful adventures. Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains (Empire Builder, etc. ). These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most effectively reach target audiences. Results were impressive. The Empire Builder, which was focused on in one ad, enjoyed a 15 percent increase in profits on its Chicago to Seattle route. 1.What‘s the author‘s purpose in writing this passage? 【外语教育&网www.for68.com】 A) To show the inability of trains to compete with planes with respect to speed and convenience. B) To stress the influence of the automobile on America‘s standard of convenience. C) To emphasize the function of travel agencies in market promotion. D) To illustrate the important role of persuasive communication in changing consumer attitudes. 2.It can be inferred from the passage that the drop in Amtrak ridership was due to the fact that ________. A) trains were not suitable for short distance passenger transportation B) trains were not the fastest and most convenient form of transportation C) trains were not as fast and convenient as they used to be D) trains could not compete with planes in terms of luxury and convenience 3.To encourage consumers to travel by train, DDB Needham emphasized ________. A) the freedom and convenience provided on trains B) the practical aspects of train travel C) the adventurous aspects of train trips D) the safety and cleanliness of train trips 4.The train ads were placed among family-oriented TV programs involving nature and America because ________. A) they could focus on meaningful travel experiences B) they could increase the effectiveness of the TV programs C) their profits could be increased by some 15 percent D) most travel-lovers and nervous fliers were believed to be among the audiences 5.According to the passage, the Empire Builder enjoyed an increase in ridership and profits because ________. A) the attractiveness of its name and route was effectively advertised B) it provided an exciting travel experience C) its passengers could enjoy the great western outdoors D) it was widely advertised in newspapers and magazines in Chicago and Seattle
Brazil has become one of the developing world‘s great successes at reducing population growth-but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil has had better result without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard. Brazil‘s population growth rate has dropped from 2. 99%a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1. 93%a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2. 7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries. Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (通俗电视连续剧)and installment (分期付款)plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world‘s biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil‘s most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities. “Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values-not many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working, ”says Martine. “They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior and other values, which were put into a very attractive package. ”Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. “This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was incompatible (不相容的)with unlimited reproduction, ”says Martine. 1.According to the passage, Brazil has cut back its population growth ________. A) by educating its citizens 【外语教育&网www.for68.com】 B) by careful family planning C) by developing TV programmes D) by chance 2.According to the passage, many Third World countries ________. A) haven‘t attached much importance to birth control B) would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rate C) haven‘t yet found an effective measure to control their population D) neglected the role of TV plays in family planning 3.The phrase “puts it down to”(Line 1, Para. 3)is closest in meaning to “________”. A) attributes it to B) finds it a reason for C) sums it up as D) compares it to 4.Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazil‘s birth rate because ________. A) they keep people sitting long hours watching TV B) they have gradually changed people‘s way of life C) people are drawn to their attractive package D) they popularize birth control measures 5.What is Martine‘s conclusion about Brazil‘s population growth? A) The increase in birth rate will promote consumption. B) The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate. C) Consumption patterns and reproduction patterns are contradictory. D) A country‘s production is limited by its population growth.
The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic device such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones. RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation (航空)industry, has recommended that all airlines ban (禁止)such devices from being used during “critical”stages of flight, particularly take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights. The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircraft‘s computers. Experts know that portable device emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not. The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable (易受损的)to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio systems in order to damage navigation equipment. As worrying, though, is the passenger who can‘t hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the music‘s too loud. 1.The passage is mainly about ________. A) a new regulation for al airlines B) the defects of electronic devices C) a possible cause of aircraft crashes D) effective safety measures for air flight 2.What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 15 years? A) They may have been caused by the damage to the radio systems. B) They may have taken place during take-off and landing. C) They were proved to have been caused by the passengers portable computers. D) They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference. 3.Few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic devices because ________. A) they don‘t believe there is such a danger as radio interference B) the harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to be proved C) most passengers refuse to take a plane which bans the use of radio and cassette players D) they have other effective safety measures to fall back on 4.Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electromagnetic fields on an airplane‘s computers? A) Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane. B) Because it remains a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered with. C) Because research scientists have not been able to produce the same effects in labs. D) Because experts lack adequate equipment to do such research. 5.It can be inferred from the passage that the author ________. A) is in favor of prohibiting passengers‘use of electronic devices completely B) has overestimated the danger of electromagnetic interference C) hasn‘t formed his own opinion on this problem D) regards it as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flight
The rise of multinational corporations (跨国公司), global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR. 【外语教育&网www.for68.com】 Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years ago, for example, the world‘s top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate (公司的)planning activities, compared to about one-third of U. S. companies. It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR. Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts (相对应的人)in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burson—Marshall‘ s U. S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country. Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN (Cable News Network). Turner recently announced that the word “foreign”would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such things as foreign. 1.According to the passage, U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because of ________. A) an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companies B) shrinking cultural differences and new communications technologies C) the decreasing number of multinational corporations in the U. S. D) increased efforts of other countries in public relations 2.London could soon replace New York as the center of PR because ________. A) British companies are more ambitious than U. S. companies B) British companies place more importance on PR than U. S. companies C) British companies are heavily involved in planning activities D) four of the world‘s top public relations agencies are British-owned 3.The word “provincial”(Line 2, Para. 3)most probably means “________”. A) limited in outlook B) like people from the provinces C) rigid in thinking D) interested in world financial affairs 4.We learn from the third paragraph that employees in the American PR industry ________. A) speak at least one foreign language fluently B) are ignorant about world geography C) are not as sophisticated as their European counterparts D) enjoy reading a great variety of English business publicationswww.Examw.com 5.What lesson might the PR industry take from Ted Turner of CNN? A) American PR companies should be more internationally-minded. B) The American PR industry should develop global communications technologies. C) People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign languages. D) People involved in PR should avoid using the word “foreign”.
Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判)decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees. The researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛)involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge. Observers noted down the referees‘errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number. The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的)distance is about 20 meters. There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second. If FIFA, football‘s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues. He also says that FIFA‘s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical. 1.The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ________. A) review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup B) analyse the causes of errors made by football referees C) set a standard for football refereeing D) reexamine the rules for football refereeing 2.The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was ________. A) slightly above average B) higher than in the 1998 World Cup C) quite unexpected D) as high as in a standard match 3.The findings of the experiment show that ________. A) errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball B) the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors C) the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occur D) errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot 4.The word “officials”(Line 2, Para. 4)most probably refers to ________. A) the researchers involved in the experiment B) the inspectors of the football tournament C) the referees of the football tournament D) the observers at the site of the experiment 5.What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment? A) The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45. B) Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee. C) A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible. D) An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.
There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do. In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world. What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained are same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的)peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles. Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent (进步). The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓)used by a baby in 3000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials. 1.The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that ________. A) their social roles are rigidly determined B) most boys would like to follow their fathers‘professions C) boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers D) they like challenging activities 2.One aspect of “the universality of toys”lies in the fact that ________. A) technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toys B) the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universities C) the exploration of the universe had led to the creation of new kinds of toys D) the basic characteristics of toys are the same the world over 3.Which of the following is the author‘s view on the historical development of toys? A) The craftsmanship in toy-making has remained essentially unchanged. B) Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries. C) The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years. D) Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child‘s character. 4.Regarded as a kind of art form, toys ________. A) follow a direct line of ascent B) also appeal greatly to adults C) are not characterized by technological progress D) reflect the pace of social progress 5.The author uses the example of rattle to show that ________. A) in toy-making there is a continuity in the sue of materials B) even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technology C) even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technology D) even a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the time
Believe it or not, optical illusion (错觉)can cut highway crashes. Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons (人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down. Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D. C. is planning to repeat Japan‘s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes. Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatest—curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars. Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway sped and the number of traffic accidents. 1.The passage mainly discusses ________. A) a new way of highway speed control B) a new pattern for painting highways C) a new approach to training drivers D) a new type of optical illusion 【外语教育&网www.for68.com】 2.On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that ________. A) they should avoid speed-related hazards B) they are driving in the wrong lane C) they should slow down their speed D) they are approaching the speed limit 3.The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former ________. A) can keep drivers awake B) can cut road accidents in half C) will have a longer effect on drivers D) will look more attractive 4.The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to ________. A) try out the Japanese method in certain areas B) change the road signs across the country C) replace straight, horizontal bars with chevrons D) repeat the Japanese road patterns 5.What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads? A) They are falling out of use in the United States . B) They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time. C) They are applicable only on broad roads. D) They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.
Why does cram go bad faster than butter?Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical composition—a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives. 【外语教育&网www.for68.com】 Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsions—tiny globules (小球体)of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. The difference lies in what‘s in the globules and what‘s in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst, who led the investigation. In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture. “This means that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture, ”he says. When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments (隔仓室)buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients (养料). They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products. “In butter, you get a self-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing, ”says Brocklehurst. The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the food‘s structure. Brocklehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump. 1.The significance of Brocklehurst‘s research is that ________. A) it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservatives B) it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butterwww.Examw.com C) it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butter D) it found that cream and butter share the same chemical composition 2.According to the researchers, cream sours fast than butter because bacteria ________. A) are more evenly distributed in cream B) multiply more easily in cream than in butter C) live on less fat in cream than in butter D) produce less waste in cream than in butter 3.According to Brocklehurst, we can keep cream fresh by ________. A) removing its fat B) killing the bacteria C) reducing its water content D) altering its structure 4.The word “colonies”(Line 2, Para. 4)refers to ________. A) tiny globules B) watery regions C) bacteria communities D) little compartments 5.Commercial application of the research finding will be possible if salad cream can be made resistant to bacterial attack ________. A) by varying its chemical composition B) by turning it into a solid lump C) while keeping its structure unchanged D) while retaining its liquid form
Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids (小行星)now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists. Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids (流星)that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth and don‘t threaten us. But there are also thousands of asteroids whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth. Buy $50 million worth of new telescopes right now. Then spend $10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, we‘ll have a way to change its course. Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldn‘t be cheap. Is it worth it?Two things experts consider when judging any risk re:1)How likely the event is;and 2)How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500, 000 years. Sounds pretty rare—but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world. “If we don‘t take care of these big asteroids, they‘ll take care of us, ”says one scientist. “It‘s that simple. ” The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth?“The world has less to fear from doomsday (毁灭性的)rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them, ”said a New York Times article. 1. What does the passage say about asteroids and meteoroids? A) They are heavenly bodies different in composition. B) They are heavenly bodies similar in nature. 【外语教育&网www.for68.com】 C) There are more asteroids than meteoroids. D) Asteroids are more mysterious than meteoroids. 2.What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth? A) It is very unlikely but the danger exists. B) Such a collision might occur once every 25 years. C) Collisions of smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected. D) It‘s still too early to say whether such a collision might occur. 3.What do people think of the suggestion of using nuclear weapons to alter the courses of asteroids? A) It sounds practical but it may not solve the problem. B) It may create more problems than it might solve. C) It is a waste of money because a collision of asteroids with Earth is very unlikely. D) Further research should be done before it is proved applicable. 4.We can conclude from the passage that ________. A) while pushing asteroids off course nuclear weapons would destroy the world B) asteroids racing across the night sky are likely to hit Earth in the near future C) the worry about asteroids can be left to future generations since it is unlikely to happen in our lifetime D) workable solutions still have to be found to prevent a collision of asteroids with Earth 5.Which of the following best describes the author‘s tone in this passage? A) Optimistic. B) Critical. C) Objective. D) Arbitrary.
] 愿意和我一起步行上山吗？
It seems that his flattery ____this time.