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国家开放大学-管理英语4
If demand is rising but the firm __________ from communication failure, then stocks will fall and there will be understaffing.
选择一项：
A.
has been suffering
B.
is going to suffer
C.
is suffering
Communication Failure The meaning of “communication” goes a lot deeper than people often think. Communication is about conceiving, sending, receiving, and interpreting messages as well as confirming reception of these messages. A failure at any point in this chain can result in ineffective communication. Ineffective communication can be disastrous. There is a famous story of a British Army Commander who sent the message “Send reinforcements, we.re going to advance.” back to his Command Center, through a long chain of subordinates. When the message finally reached the Command Center, it had “mutated” to become -- “Send three and four-pence, we.re going to a dance.” The reinforcements never arrived. You can demonstrate this same principle, albeit on a less dramatic scale, by trying to play Chinese Whispers with more than 20 people. It is highly unlikely the same message you started with will be the one you end with. In a business, there are three main types of communication failure. Each has its own indicative signs. •The first type is known as allocative failure. This occurs when a firm is not gathering enough intelligence about its market or (most often), the information is not reaching the right points. The firm will not be allocating resources in step with the shifts in demand. If demand is rising but the firm is suffering from allocative communication failure, then stocks will fall and there will be understaffing. If the inverse happens, there will be a surplus of stocks and overstaffing. •The second type is executive failure, where communication to trigger specific events/actions is either late, lacking or in error. The symptoms of this are a general loss of direction in the company or departments, a loss of co-ordination and an increase in complaints from customers as things happen late or not at all. •The final type is human failure. This occurs when the general culture of a business or the relationships between particular individuals or departments do not foster effective communication. This leads to alienated staff, an increase in staff turnover, an increase in absenteeism and general frustration among staff. Creativity, especially that which takes place across departmental boundaries, is likely to suffer hugely as team synergy slips. 操作提示：通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。 1. Confirming reception of the sent messages means 回答 . A. the messages are sent to right receivers B. the messages are correctly understood C. the messages are correctly understood by right receivers 2. In the famous British Army Commander story, which step probably did NOT go wrong in the communication chain?回答 A. Conceiving. B. Sending. C. Receiving. 3. What is Chinese whispers?回答 A. Who whispers in Chinese. B. A game to pass message around in a whisper. C. Chinese people who don.t normally talk very loudly. 4. Allocative failure does NOT happen when 回答 . A. the right information goes to the right place B. a company gathers false information C. the correct information is not received by the right department or person 5. According to the passage, which of the following cases does NOT belong to human failure?回答 A. Decreasing creativity across departments. B. Inadequate communication between departments. C. Increasing customer complaints.
— Will you help me arrange a meeting with Mr. Brown, please? —_____________ 选择一项： A. No, no way. B. No, I can.t. C. Sorry I can.t. I have to finish my project right now.
— Could I borrow your iPad for a few hours? —_____________ 选择一项： A. Yes, you can. B. Sure, here you are. Enjoy your time. C. It doesn.t matter.
I have been very lucky to have had ______ managers during my career so far. 选择一项： A. terrific B. terrible C. terrifying
If I take the time to talk with my manager at the beginning of a project, we ______ off to a great start on the same page. 选择一项： A. can get B. have got C. get
Regular and concrete feedback is important ______ who is not performing up to her potential. 选择一项： A. when to deal with a worker B. when dealing with a worker C. when dealt with a worker
Tips for Team Building When you think of team building, do you immediately picture your group off at a resort playing games or hanging from ropes? Traditionally, many organizations approach team building in this way but, then, they wonder why that wonderful sense of teamwork that had been displayed at the retreat or the seminar fails to impact long term beliefs and actions back at work. I.m not averse to retreats, planning sessions, seminars and team building activities — in fact I lead them — but they have to form part of a much larger teamwork effort. You will not build teamwork by “retreating” as a group for a couple of days each year, instead you need to think of team building as something you do every single day. • Form teams to solve real work issues and to improve real work processes. Provide training in systematic methods so the team expends its energy on the project, not on trying to work out how to work together as a team to approach the problem. • Hold department meetings to review projects and progress, to obtain broad input, and to coordinate shared work processes. If there is friction between team members, examine the work processes they mutually own — the problem is not usually their personalities; instead, it is often the fact that the team members haven.t agreed on how they will deliver a product or service, or the steps required to get something done. • Build fun and shared occasions into the organization.s agenda — hold pot luck lunches, take the team to a sporting event, sponsor dinners at a local restaurant, go hiking or go to an amusement park. Hold a monthly company meeting, sponsor sports teams and encourage cheering team fans. • Use ice breakers and teamwork exercises at meetings — these help team members get to know each other, share details about each others lives, and have a laugh together. • Celebrate team successes publicly. There are many ways you could do this, for instance by buying everyone the same T-shirt or hat, putting team member names in a draw for company merchandise and gift certificates. The only thing limiting you is your imagination. If you do the types of teamwork building listed above, you.ll be amazed at the progress you will make in creating a teamwork culture, a culture that enables individuals to contribute more than they ever thought possible — together. 操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。 1. Team building event is traditionally related to playing games at resort.回答 2. The author claims that playing games together is as important as form teams to solve real work issues and to improve real work processes for team building.回答 3. “Retreat” in the first paragraph means withdrawal of troops after a defeat.回答 4. Ice breaking motivates team members compete with each other.回答 5. A good teamwork culture enables individuals make more efforts together.回答
— Wow! This is a fantastic project! I.ve never known you.re so creative. — __________ 选择一项： A. Don.t mention it. B. Great, I dare to say I am a talent. C. Thanks for your compliments.
— You.d better not push yourself too hard. You can ask the team and listen. — __________ 选择一项： A. You are right. B. No, we can.t do that. C. I think it will kill our time.
The leader ______ at creating opportunities to provide rewards, recognition and thanks to his or her staff. 选择一项： A. exceeds B. excellent C. excels
An appreciated gift and the gesture of providing it will ______ your coworker.s day. 选择一项： A. look up B. light up C. lift to
I think a big part of it is ______ we know how to have fun on the job. 选择一项： A. that B. which C. why
操作提示：正确选“T”，错误选“F”。 1. Human resources supported the proposal of giving the business intelligence a pay incentive every three months at the beginning.回答 2. Brad from human resources supports Scott.s idea.回答 3. Carlotta is the manager of HRD.回答 4. Men and women in the business intelligence team who have been selected to get the prize will receive the same rewarding things.回答 5. The prize-winner cannot choose the prize that costs more than $500. 7. The prize-winner can only have material awards and no day off.回答
— Why didn.t you come to my birthday party yesterday? — ____________ 选择一项： A. Excuse me, my friend sent me a flower. B. Sorry, but my wife had a car accident. C. Fine, I never go to birthday parties.
Communication Failure The meaning of “communication” goes a lot deeper than people often think. Communication is about conceiving, sending, receiving, and interpreting messages as well as confirming reception of these messages. A failure at any point in this chain can result in ineffective communication. Ineffective communication can be disastrous. There is a famous story of a British Army Commander who sent the message “Send reinforcements, we.re going to advance.” back to his Command Center, through a long chain of subordinates. When the message finally reached the Command Center, it had “mutated” to become -- “Send three and four-pence, we.re going to a dance.” The reinforcements never arrived. You can demonstrate this same principle, albeit on a less dramatic scale, by trying to play Chinese Whispers with more than 20 people. It is highly unlikely the same message you started with will be the one you end with. In a business, there are three main types of communication failure. Each has its own indicative signs. •The first type is known as allocative failure. This occurs when a firm is not gathering enough intelligence about its market or (most often), the information is not reaching the right points. The firm will not be allocating resources in step with the shifts in demand. If demand is rising but the firm is suffering from allocative communication failure, then stocks will fall and there will be understaffing. If the inverse happens, there will be a surplus of stocks and overstaffing. •The second type is executive failure, where communication to trigger specific events/actions is either late, lacking or in error. The symptoms of this are a general loss of direction in the company or departments, a loss of co-ordination and an increase in complaints from customers as things happen late or not at all. •The final type is human failure. This occurs when the general culture of a business or the relationships between particular individuals or departments do not foster effective communication. This leads to alienated staff, an increase in staff turnover, an increase in absenteeism and general frustration among staff. Creativity, especially that which takes place across departmental boundaries, is likely to suffer hugely as team synergy slips. 操作提示：通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。 1. Confirming reception of the sent messages means 回答 . A. the messages are sent to right receivers B. the messages are correctly understood C. the messages are correctly understood by right receivers 2. In the famous British Army Commander story, which step probably did NOT go wrong in the communication chain?回答 A. Conceiving. B. Sending. C. Receiving. 3. What is Chinese whispers?回答 A. Who whispers in Chinese. B. A game to pass message around in a whisper. C. Chinese people who don.t normally talk very loudly. 4. Allocative failure does NOT happen when 回答 . A. the right information goes to the right place B. a company gathers false information C. the correct information is not received by the right department or person 5. According to the passage, which of the following cases does NOT belong to human failure?回答 A. Decreasing creativity across departments. B. Inadequate communication between departments. C. Increasing customer complaints.
— Will you help me arrange a meeting with Mr. Brown, please? —_____________ 选择一项： A. No, no way. B. No, I can.t. C. Sorry I can.t. I have to finish my project right now.
— Could I borrow your iPad for a few hours? —_____________ 选择一项： A. Yes, you can. B. Sure, here you are. Enjoy your time. C. It doesn.t matter.
I have been very lucky to have had ______ managers during my career so far. 选择一项： A. terrific B. terrible C. terrifying
If I take the time to talk with my manager at the beginning of a project, we ______ off to a great start on the same page. 选择一项： A. can get B. have got C. get
Regular and concrete feedback is important ______ who is not performing up to her potential. 选择一项： A. when to deal with a worker B. when dealing with a worker C. when dealt with a worker
Tips for Team Building When you think of team building, do you immediately picture your group off at a resort playing games or hanging from ropes? Traditionally, many organizations approach team building in this way but, then, they wonder why that wonderful sense of teamwork that had been displayed at the retreat or the seminar fails to impact long term beliefs and actions back at work. I.m not averse to retreats, planning sessions, seminars and team building activities — in fact I lead them — but they have to form part of a much larger teamwork effort. You will not build teamwork by “retreating” as a group for a couple of days each year, instead you need to think of team building as something you do every single day. • Form teams to solve real work issues and to improve real work processes. Provide training in systematic methods so the team expends its energy on the project, not on trying to work out how to work together as a team to approach the problem. • Hold department meetings to review projects and progress, to obtain broad input, and to coordinate shared work processes. If there is friction between team members, examine the work processes they mutually own — the problem is not usually their personalities; instead, it is often the fact that the team members haven.t agreed on how they will deliver a product or service, or the steps required to get something done. • Build fun and shared occasions into the organization.s agenda — hold pot luck lunches, take the team to a sporting event, sponsor dinners at a local restaurant, go hiking or go to an amusement park. Hold a monthly company meeting, sponsor sports teams and encourage cheering team fans. • Use ice breakers and teamwork exercises at meetings — these help team members get to know each other, share details about each others lives, and have a laugh together. • Celebrate team successes publicly. There are many ways you could do this, for instance by buying everyone the same T-shirt or hat, putting team member names in a draw for company merchandise and gift certificates. The only thing limiting you is your imagination. If you do the types of teamwork building listed above, you.ll be amazed at the progress you will make in creating a teamwork culture, a culture that enables individuals to contribute more than they ever thought possible — together. 操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。 1. Team building event is traditionally related to playing games at resort.回答 2. The author claims that playing games together is as important as form teams to solve real work issues and to improve real work processes for team building.回答 3. “Retreat” in the first paragraph means withdrawal of troops after a defeat.回答 4. Ice breaking motivates team members compete with each other.回答 5. A good teamwork culture enables individuals make more efforts together.回答
— Wow! This is a fantastic project! I.ve never known you.re so creative. — __________ 选择一项： A. Don.t mention it. B. Great, I dare to say I am a talent. C. Thanks for your compliments.
— You.d better not push yourself too hard. You can ask the team and listen. — __________ 选择一项： A. You are right. B. No, we can.t do that. C. I think it will kill our time.
The leader ______ at creating opportunities to provide rewards, recognition and thanks to his or her staff. 选择一项： A. exceeds B. excellent C. excels
An appreciated gift and the gesture of providing it will ______ your coworker.s day. 选择一项： A. look up B. light up C. lift to
I think a big part of it is ______ we know how to have fun on the job. 选择一项： A. that B. which C. why
操作提示：正确选“T”，错误选“F”。 1. Human resources supported the proposal of giving the business intelligence a pay incentive every three months at the beginning.回答 2. Brad from human resources supports Scott.s idea.回答 3. Carlotta is the manager of HRD.回答 4. Men and women in the business intelligence team who have been selected to get the prize will receive the same rewarding things.回答 5. The prize-winner cannot choose the prize that costs more than $500. 7. The prize-winner can only have material awards and no day off.回答
— Why didn.t you come to my birthday party yesterday? — ____________ 选择一项： A. Excuse me, my friend sent me a flower. B. Sorry, but my wife had a car accident. C. Fine, I never go to birthday parties.