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国家开放大学计算机英语
Fill in the blanks with the corresponding Chinese expressions that list below.
(写出下列词组的汉语。 共20分，每题2分)
1．central processing unit（CPU）
2．operating system
3．hard disk
4．management information system
5．electronic commerce
6．data warehouse
7．Software engineering
8．Property Window
9． machine language
10．computer virus
Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations that list below. (从下面方框中选择合适英语缩写.。共20分，每题2分)
1．随机存储器 2．局域网
3．传输控制协议 4．文件传送[输]协议
5．通用串行总线 6．面向对象编程
7．集成开发环境 8．结构化查询语言
9．数据库管理系统 10．多文档界面
Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations that list below. (从下面方框中选择合适英语缩写.。共20分，每题2分)
1. input
2. high-level language
3. structured programming
4. functional testing
5. multimedia
6. switch
7. firewall
8. application software
9. system software
10. audio
During initial days of computing, software was largely developed by small groups of people. When this software was to be maintained by another set of people, it used to be a nightmarish experience. When large commercial projects were to be handled, it used to be an almost impossible task to keep the time and budget under control, and projects used to get delayed and many projects were abandoned halfway. There was no systematic procedure for the software development; everything was done on ad hoc basis. This ad hoc approach led to the ‘software crisis’.
Over the last few decades there has been a tremendous growth in information technology and its impact on everyday life. Complex software systems have become critical to the operation of many systems in areas such as banking, communications, manufacturing, power generation, and transportation. Progress in computer science and accumulated experience with industrial production of software have led to the emergence of software engineering as a separate discipline. The software engineering discipline has been defined as "the application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approaches to the development, operation, and maintenance of software." that is, the application of engineering to software .
The computer science discipline concerns with developing large applications. Software engineering covers not only the technical aspects of building software systems, but also management issues, such as directing programming teams, scheduling, and budgeting.
For developing a software product, the development process is divided into different stages. A convenient way of splitting the whole process is to divide the development into the following five stages:
Requirements Analysis & Specification: define the system requirements in detail
Design: specify system architecture and modules in detail
Coding: produce source code
Testing: deal with unit testing and system testing
Maintenance: fix bugs, enhance features and adapt across platforms.
（一）Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误。20分，每题2分）
1.During initial days of the development of software, everything was done in discipline.
2.The definition of software engineering is "the application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approaches to the development, operation, and maintenance of software."
3. For developing a software product, you need design, coding and testing.
4. software engineering is the application of engineering to software .
5. Software engineering only covers the technical aspects of building software systems.
A computer virus is a computer program that is created to make and spread copies of itself. The program may however also be designed to have other effects on the systems it infects, ranging from the annoying to the disastrous.
Virus attacks are growing rapidly these days. According to BusinessWeek, the 76,404 attacks reported in the first half of 2003 nearly match previous year.s total number . As new antivirus tools are more powerful than before, the virus writers are getting a lot smarter with newer and creative ways to attack network systems. Let.s first examine some common virus types:
Basic Virus - a piece of software code that is developed to attack computers and network systems via email or Internet connections. It quickly replicates itself and gradually attaches to files, programs or the hard drive.
Trojan Horses - This is a program that doesn.t replicate when entering a system but can be effectively used to open .back doors.. Trojan Horses allow hackers to take control over a particular system or to steal very important data.
Worm - this type of virus is able to spread itself automatically over the network from one computer to the next. During a worm attack, users. computers get infected without even having to click open email attachment or any program, etc.
Since it is very difficult to avoid the virus, your best defense is a powerful antivirus program. In order to fight with such viruses, the software vendors should focus on making their products more robust. This may ask for a trade-off between user-friendliness and security. In specific cases it may require line-by-line inspection, code retooling and even systems automation to defend the installed programs.
(二)、choose the best answer according to the passage B.(根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。20分，每题2分)
1．A computer virus is a computer program that is created to make and spread of itself.
A．programs B．virus C． copies D．files
2．Worm spread itself except by .
A．network B．E-mail C．program D．hardware
3．Antivirus program can scan and virus.
A．clean B．produce C．replicate D．make
4．Trojan Horses .
A．quickly replicate itself and gradually attache to files, programs or the hard drive.
B．infect the computer without even having to click open email attachment or any program.
C．allow hackers to take control over a particular system or to steal very important data.
D．avoid the virus to attack computer.
5．According to BusinessWeek, the attacks reported in the first half of 2003 nearly match previous year.s total number .
A． 86,404 B． 76,404 C．56,354 D．34,876
Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the list given below, and change the form where necessary. （从下面方框中选择合适的词或表达，以其适当的形式填空。）
1．
A programming language, designed to facilitate the communication between human and computers, is a _____ notation _____ for describing computation in readable form. There are 3 levels of programming languages, they are____ machine language __ , which can be run directly by computer; __ assembly language ___ and _ high-level language ___. There are different high-level programming languages. Fortunately, most of them have many kinds of construct in common and vary only in the way that these must be __ written ___ . Therefore, first thing to be decided about a task is to choose which programming language is best suited for the job.
The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. It is the most complex computer system component, responsible for directing most of the computer system activities based on the instructions provided. The CPU comprisesthe control unit and the arithmetic / logic unit (ALU) . The control unit is responsible for directing and coordinating most of the computer systems activities. The ALU performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions — that is, it adds , subtracts, multiplies, divides, and does comparisons.
Microsoft Word XP is the current Window version of Word, and documents created in Word XP can be easily _ incorporated into Excel, Power Point and Access files. In the interface of Word, the _ title bar __ displays the name of the current application and name of the current document; the __ menu bar lists the names of the menus available; the ___ toolbar gives the user quick access to frequently used editing functions; the __ ruler enables the user to change left and right margin.
Software Engineering, which means the application of engineering to software, is a method to develop, operate and __ maintain _ software. That is, the development of software is on a systematic, __ disciplined ____, quantitive basis. Before starting the development of software, you have to systematically approach the problem. You have to understand the __ requirements (what the software is supposed to do), carry out the design, do the __ coding ___, carry out a rigorous testing and if the software is as per the requirements, release the software to the customer. Subsequently, if the customer wants some changes--refinements or enhancements then the software has to be ___ modified ______.
The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. Among other things, its configuration determines whether a computer is fast or slow in relation to other computers. The CPU is the most complex computer system component, responsible for directing most of the computer system activities based on the instructions provided. As one computer generation has evolved to the next, the physical size of the CPU has often become smaller and smaller, while its speed and capacity have increased tremendously. Indeed, these changes have resulted in microcomputers that are small enough to fit on your desk or your lap.
The CPU comprises the control unit and the arithmetic / logic unit (ALU).
The control unit is responsible for directing and coordinating most of the computer systems activities. It determines the movement of electronic signals between main memory and the arithmetic/logic unit, as well as the control signals between the CPU and input/output devices.
The ALU performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions — that is, it adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides, and does comparisons. These comparisons, which are basically “less than”, “greater than”, and “equal to”, can be combined into several common expressions, such as “greater than or equal to”. The objective of most instructions that use comparisons is to determine which instruction should be executed next.
Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）
1.With the development of computer, the physical size of the CPU has often become bigger and bigger. ( F )
2.The movement of electronic signals between main memory and the ALU as well as the control signal between the CPU and input /output devices are controlled by the control unit of the CPU. ( T )
3.The CPU comprises the control unit and memory. ( F )
4.The control unit performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions。 ( F )
5.The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. ( T )
For a Web user, the home page is the first Web page that is displayed after starting a Web browser like Netscape.s Navigator or Microsoft.s Internet Explorer. The browser is usually preset(预置) so that the home page is the first page of the browser manufacturer. However, you can set it to open to any Web site. For example, you can specify (指定)that http://www. yahoo. com or http://www. whatis. com be your home page. You can also specify that there be no home page (a blank space will be displayed) in which case you choose the first page from your bookmark list or enter a Web address.
For a Web site developer, a home page is the first page presented when a user selects a site on the World Wide Web. The usual address for a Web site is the home page address, although you can enter the address (Uniform Resource Locator) of any page and have that page sent to you..
Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）
1. Home pages for a Web user or a Web site developer have the same meanings. ( F )
2. The home page displayed on a Web browser is usually preset by the browser manufacturer. ( T )
3. The home page for a Web user can be reset to any Web site you prefer. ( T )
4. You have to enter or select Web addresses every time with a blank space on your Web browser.
( T )
5. Web addresses usually lead to relative home pages. ( T )
Personal computer software is based on specific operating systems and machines. The famous PC operating systems are DOS, Windows, OS/2, Unix, Linux, Mac OS.
DOS (Disk Operating System) was the most popular operating system for IBM and IBM-compatible 16 bit personal computers. DOS is no longer widely used because it has a number of limitations.
Microsoft built Windows as an extension of the widely installed DOS operating system. Windows provides not only a graphical user interface (GUI), but also memory management and multitasking capabilities.
Unix is an interactive, multi-user, multitasking operating system that is highly supportive of communications and networking. At present, Unix is primarily used for workstations, minicomputers, and server computers in multi-user environments.
Linux is the free Unix. It has all of the features you would expect of a modern, fully fledged Unix: true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand loading, shared, proper memory management and TCP/IP networking.
Mac OS (Machintosh Operating System) supports multitasking and networking and has a highly praised graphical user interface. Multimedia capabilities of this operating system allow Macintosh users to integrate video clip, stereo sound, and animated sequences with conventional text and graphics software.
Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）
1.Personal computer software is dependent on specific operating systems and machines. ( T )
2.DOS can only work with 32-bit microprocessor. ( F )
3.Windows is the 32-bit operating system with networking capability and Internet access. (T )
4.Unix is an interactive, multi-user, multitasking operating system. (T )
5.The Linux operating system is free. It is the modified version of Unix running on PCs. (T )
During initial days of computing, software was largely developed by small groups of people. When this software was to be maintained by another set of people, it used to be a nightmarish experience. When large commercial projects were to be handled, it used to be an almost impossible task to keep the time and budget under control, and projects used to get delayed and many projects were abandoned halfway. There was no systematic procedure for the software development; everything was done on ad hoc basis. This ad hoc approach led to the ‘software crisis’.
Over the last few decades there has been a tremendous growth in information technology and its impact on everyday life. Complex software systems have become critical to the operation of many systems in areas such as banking, communications, manufacturing, power generation, and transportation. Progress in computer science and accumulated experience with industrial production of software have led to the emergence of software engineering as a separate discipline. The software engineering discipline has been defined as "the application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approaches to the development, operation, and maintenance of software." that is, the application of engineering to software .
The computer science discipline concerns with developing large applications. Software engineering covers not only the technical aspects of building software systems, but also management issues, such as directing programming teams, scheduling, and budgeting.
For developing a software product, the development process is divided into different stages. A convenient way of splitting the whole process is to divide the development into the following five stages:
Requirements Analysis & Specification: define the system requirements in detail
Design: specify system architecture and modules in detail
Coding: produce source code
Testing: deal with unit testing and system testing
Maintenance: fix bugs, enhance features and adapt across platforms.
Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）
3.During initial days of the development of software, everything was done in discipline. (F )
4.The definition of software engineering is "the application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approaches to the development, operation, and maintenance of software." (T )
3. For developing a software product, you need design, coding and testing. ( F )
5. software engineering is the application of engineering to software . (T )
. Software engineering only covers the technical aspects of building software systems. (F )
Microsoft Word, known as Word, is a very powerful Windows word-processing package. It is a member of Microsoft office. Word offers many features, including desktop publishing and access to the World Wide Web. Because Word is part of the Microsoft Office, documents created in Word can be easily incorporated into Excel, PowerPoint and Access files. Word has several editions: Word 97, Word 2000 and Word XP. Microsoft Word XP is the current Windows version of this word processor. The following figure is the introduction of Word XP.
Fig.1 The interface of Word XP
•Title bar – displays the name of the current application and name of the current document
•Menu bar – lists the names of the menus available
•Standard toolbar – gives you quick access to frequently used editing functions. Names of buttons are displayed when the mouse rested over them.
•Scroll bars – used to move through a document – vertical and horizontal
•Ruler –enables you to change left and right margins and to set or remove tab stops.
•Text area –where you can edit your document.
•Status bar – displays current document information.
Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）（10分,每题2分）
1.Microsoft Word XP is a member of Microsoft office 2000 . ( F )
2. Word doesn’t have the feature to accessing to World Wide Web. ( F )
3. Documents created in Word are hard to be incorporated into Powerpoint. ( F )
4. Title bar displays the names of the application and document. ( T )
5. In the text area, you can edit your document. ( T )
Natural languages are designed to facilitate the communication between humans. Programming languages are designed to facilitate the communication between human and computers. A programming language is a notation for describing computation in computer-readable and human-readable form.
A programming language represents a special vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules for instructing a computer to perform specific tasks. Broadly speaking, it consists of a set of statements or expressions understandable to both people and computers. People understand these instructions because they use human (English and mathematical) expressions. Computers, in the other hand, process these instructions through use of special programs, which, known as compiler, decode the instructions from people and create machine-language coding.
Just like we have many different languages in use throughout the world for us humans to communicate with, there are different languages that we use to communicate with a computer . There are three levels of programming languages:
Machine language
Assembly language
High-level language
choose the best answer according to the passage .(根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。)
1. Programming languages are designed to facilitate the communication between human and .（ A ）
A. computers B. people C. hardware D. software
2. A programming language is a notation for describing computation which can be understand by both . ( C )
A. computer and machine B. human and software
C. computer and human D. software and hardware
3. Computers understand the programming language through ( B ) , which translate the programming language into machine-language that computer can understand.
A. assembly language B. compiler C. machine language D. high-level language
4. The following are the three levels of the programming language except .( D ).
A. machine language B assembly language. C. high-level language D. compiler
5.which of the following language can be directly understood by computer? ( A )
A. machine language B. assembly language C. high-level language D. compiler
(写出下列词组的汉语。 共20分，每题2分)
1．central processing unit（CPU）
2．operating system
3．hard disk
4．management information system
5．electronic commerce
6．data warehouse
7．Software engineering
8．Property Window
9． machine language
10．computer virus
Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations that list below. (从下面方框中选择合适英语缩写.。共20分，每题2分)
1．随机存储器 2．局域网
3．传输控制协议 4．文件传送[输]协议
5．通用串行总线 6．面向对象编程
7．集成开发环境 8．结构化查询语言
9．数据库管理系统 10．多文档界面
Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations that list below. (从下面方框中选择合适英语缩写.。共20分，每题2分)
1. input
2. high-level language
3. structured programming
4. functional testing
5. multimedia
6. switch
7. firewall
8. application software
9. system software
10. audio
During initial days of computing, software was largely developed by small groups of people. When this software was to be maintained by another set of people, it used to be a nightmarish experience. When large commercial projects were to be handled, it used to be an almost impossible task to keep the time and budget under control, and projects used to get delayed and many projects were abandoned halfway. There was no systematic procedure for the software development; everything was done on ad hoc basis. This ad hoc approach led to the ‘software crisis’.
Over the last few decades there has been a tremendous growth in information technology and its impact on everyday life. Complex software systems have become critical to the operation of many systems in areas such as banking, communications, manufacturing, power generation, and transportation. Progress in computer science and accumulated experience with industrial production of software have led to the emergence of software engineering as a separate discipline. The software engineering discipline has been defined as "the application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approaches to the development, operation, and maintenance of software." that is, the application of engineering to software .
The computer science discipline concerns with developing large applications. Software engineering covers not only the technical aspects of building software systems, but also management issues, such as directing programming teams, scheduling, and budgeting.
For developing a software product, the development process is divided into different stages. A convenient way of splitting the whole process is to divide the development into the following five stages:
Requirements Analysis & Specification: define the system requirements in detail
Design: specify system architecture and modules in detail
Coding: produce source code
Testing: deal with unit testing and system testing
Maintenance: fix bugs, enhance features and adapt across platforms.
（一）Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误。20分，每题2分）
1.During initial days of the development of software, everything was done in discipline.
2.The definition of software engineering is "the application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approaches to the development, operation, and maintenance of software."
3. For developing a software product, you need design, coding and testing.
4. software engineering is the application of engineering to software .
5. Software engineering only covers the technical aspects of building software systems.
A computer virus is a computer program that is created to make and spread copies of itself. The program may however also be designed to have other effects on the systems it infects, ranging from the annoying to the disastrous.
Virus attacks are growing rapidly these days. According to BusinessWeek, the 76,404 attacks reported in the first half of 2003 nearly match previous year.s total number . As new antivirus tools are more powerful than before, the virus writers are getting a lot smarter with newer and creative ways to attack network systems. Let.s first examine some common virus types:
Basic Virus - a piece of software code that is developed to attack computers and network systems via email or Internet connections. It quickly replicates itself and gradually attaches to files, programs or the hard drive.
Trojan Horses - This is a program that doesn.t replicate when entering a system but can be effectively used to open .back doors.. Trojan Horses allow hackers to take control over a particular system or to steal very important data.
Worm - this type of virus is able to spread itself automatically over the network from one computer to the next. During a worm attack, users. computers get infected without even having to click open email attachment or any program, etc.
Since it is very difficult to avoid the virus, your best defense is a powerful antivirus program. In order to fight with such viruses, the software vendors should focus on making their products more robust. This may ask for a trade-off between user-friendliness and security. In specific cases it may require line-by-line inspection, code retooling and even systems automation to defend the installed programs.
(二)、choose the best answer according to the passage B.(根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。20分，每题2分)
1．A computer virus is a computer program that is created to make and spread of itself.
A．programs B．virus C． copies D．files
2．Worm spread itself except by .
A．network B．E-mail C．program D．hardware
3．Antivirus program can scan and virus.
A．clean B．produce C．replicate D．make
4．Trojan Horses .
A．quickly replicate itself and gradually attache to files, programs or the hard drive.
B．infect the computer without even having to click open email attachment or any program.
C．allow hackers to take control over a particular system or to steal very important data.
D．avoid the virus to attack computer.
5．According to BusinessWeek, the attacks reported in the first half of 2003 nearly match previous year.s total number .
A． 86,404 B． 76,404 C．56,354 D．34,876
Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the list given below, and change the form where necessary. （从下面方框中选择合适的词或表达，以其适当的形式填空。）
1．
A programming language, designed to facilitate the communication between human and computers, is a _____ notation _____ for describing computation in readable form. There are 3 levels of programming languages, they are____ machine language __ , which can be run directly by computer; __ assembly language ___ and _ high-level language ___. There are different high-level programming languages. Fortunately, most of them have many kinds of construct in common and vary only in the way that these must be __ written ___ . Therefore, first thing to be decided about a task is to choose which programming language is best suited for the job.
The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. It is the most complex computer system component, responsible for directing most of the computer system activities based on the instructions provided. The CPU comprisesthe control unit and the arithmetic / logic unit (ALU) . The control unit is responsible for directing and coordinating most of the computer systems activities. The ALU performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions — that is, it adds , subtracts, multiplies, divides, and does comparisons.
Microsoft Word XP is the current Window version of Word, and documents created in Word XP can be easily _ incorporated into Excel, Power Point and Access files. In the interface of Word, the _ title bar __ displays the name of the current application and name of the current document; the __ menu bar lists the names of the menus available; the ___ toolbar gives the user quick access to frequently used editing functions; the __ ruler enables the user to change left and right margin.
Software Engineering, which means the application of engineering to software, is a method to develop, operate and __ maintain _ software. That is, the development of software is on a systematic, __ disciplined ____, quantitive basis. Before starting the development of software, you have to systematically approach the problem. You have to understand the __ requirements (what the software is supposed to do), carry out the design, do the __ coding ___, carry out a rigorous testing and if the software is as per the requirements, release the software to the customer. Subsequently, if the customer wants some changes--refinements or enhancements then the software has to be ___ modified ______.
The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. Among other things, its configuration determines whether a computer is fast or slow in relation to other computers. The CPU is the most complex computer system component, responsible for directing most of the computer system activities based on the instructions provided. As one computer generation has evolved to the next, the physical size of the CPU has often become smaller and smaller, while its speed and capacity have increased tremendously. Indeed, these changes have resulted in microcomputers that are small enough to fit on your desk or your lap.
The CPU comprises the control unit and the arithmetic / logic unit (ALU).
The control unit is responsible for directing and coordinating most of the computer systems activities. It determines the movement of electronic signals between main memory and the arithmetic/logic unit, as well as the control signals between the CPU and input/output devices.
The ALU performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions — that is, it adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides, and does comparisons. These comparisons, which are basically “less than”, “greater than”, and “equal to”, can be combined into several common expressions, such as “greater than or equal to”. The objective of most instructions that use comparisons is to determine which instruction should be executed next.
Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）
1.With the development of computer, the physical size of the CPU has often become bigger and bigger. ( F )
2.The movement of electronic signals between main memory and the ALU as well as the control signal between the CPU and input /output devices are controlled by the control unit of the CPU. ( T )
3.The CPU comprises the control unit and memory. ( F )
4.The control unit performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions。 ( F )
5.The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. ( T )
For a Web user, the home page is the first Web page that is displayed after starting a Web browser like Netscape.s Navigator or Microsoft.s Internet Explorer. The browser is usually preset(预置) so that the home page is the first page of the browser manufacturer. However, you can set it to open to any Web site. For example, you can specify (指定)that http://www. yahoo. com or http://www. whatis. com be your home page. You can also specify that there be no home page (a blank space will be displayed) in which case you choose the first page from your bookmark list or enter a Web address.
For a Web site developer, a home page is the first page presented when a user selects a site on the World Wide Web. The usual address for a Web site is the home page address, although you can enter the address (Uniform Resource Locator) of any page and have that page sent to you..
Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）
1. Home pages for a Web user or a Web site developer have the same meanings. ( F )
2. The home page displayed on a Web browser is usually preset by the browser manufacturer. ( T )
3. The home page for a Web user can be reset to any Web site you prefer. ( T )
4. You have to enter or select Web addresses every time with a blank space on your Web browser.
( T )
5. Web addresses usually lead to relative home pages. ( T )
Personal computer software is based on specific operating systems and machines. The famous PC operating systems are DOS, Windows, OS/2, Unix, Linux, Mac OS.
DOS (Disk Operating System) was the most popular operating system for IBM and IBM-compatible 16 bit personal computers. DOS is no longer widely used because it has a number of limitations.
Microsoft built Windows as an extension of the widely installed DOS operating system. Windows provides not only a graphical user interface (GUI), but also memory management and multitasking capabilities.
Unix is an interactive, multi-user, multitasking operating system that is highly supportive of communications and networking. At present, Unix is primarily used for workstations, minicomputers, and server computers in multi-user environments.
Linux is the free Unix. It has all of the features you would expect of a modern, fully fledged Unix: true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand loading, shared, proper memory management and TCP/IP networking.
Mac OS (Machintosh Operating System) supports multitasking and networking and has a highly praised graphical user interface. Multimedia capabilities of this operating system allow Macintosh users to integrate video clip, stereo sound, and animated sequences with conventional text and graphics software.
Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）
1.Personal computer software is dependent on specific operating systems and machines. ( T )
2.DOS can only work with 32-bit microprocessor. ( F )
3.Windows is the 32-bit operating system with networking capability and Internet access. (T )
4.Unix is an interactive, multi-user, multitasking operating system. (T )
5.The Linux operating system is free. It is the modified version of Unix running on PCs. (T )
During initial days of computing, software was largely developed by small groups of people. When this software was to be maintained by another set of people, it used to be a nightmarish experience. When large commercial projects were to be handled, it used to be an almost impossible task to keep the time and budget under control, and projects used to get delayed and many projects were abandoned halfway. There was no systematic procedure for the software development; everything was done on ad hoc basis. This ad hoc approach led to the ‘software crisis’.
Over the last few decades there has been a tremendous growth in information technology and its impact on everyday life. Complex software systems have become critical to the operation of many systems in areas such as banking, communications, manufacturing, power generation, and transportation. Progress in computer science and accumulated experience with industrial production of software have led to the emergence of software engineering as a separate discipline. The software engineering discipline has been defined as "the application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approaches to the development, operation, and maintenance of software." that is, the application of engineering to software .
The computer science discipline concerns with developing large applications. Software engineering covers not only the technical aspects of building software systems, but also management issues, such as directing programming teams, scheduling, and budgeting.
For developing a software product, the development process is divided into different stages. A convenient way of splitting the whole process is to divide the development into the following five stages:
Requirements Analysis & Specification: define the system requirements in detail
Design: specify system architecture and modules in detail
Coding: produce source code
Testing: deal with unit testing and system testing
Maintenance: fix bugs, enhance features and adapt across platforms.
Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）
3.During initial days of the development of software, everything was done in discipline. (F )
4.The definition of software engineering is "the application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approaches to the development, operation, and maintenance of software." (T )
3. For developing a software product, you need design, coding and testing. ( F )
5. software engineering is the application of engineering to software . (T )
. Software engineering only covers the technical aspects of building software systems. (F )
Microsoft Word, known as Word, is a very powerful Windows word-processing package. It is a member of Microsoft office. Word offers many features, including desktop publishing and access to the World Wide Web. Because Word is part of the Microsoft Office, documents created in Word can be easily incorporated into Excel, PowerPoint and Access files. Word has several editions: Word 97, Word 2000 and Word XP. Microsoft Word XP is the current Windows version of this word processor. The following figure is the introduction of Word XP.
Fig.1 The interface of Word XP
•Title bar – displays the name of the current application and name of the current document
•Menu bar – lists the names of the menus available
•Standard toolbar – gives you quick access to frequently used editing functions. Names of buttons are displayed when the mouse rested over them.
•Scroll bars – used to move through a document – vertical and horizontal
•Ruler –enables you to change left and right margins and to set or remove tab stops.
•Text area –where you can edit your document.
•Status bar – displays current document information.
Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）（10分,每题2分）
1.Microsoft Word XP is a member of Microsoft office 2000 . ( F )
2. Word doesn’t have the feature to accessing to World Wide Web. ( F )
3. Documents created in Word are hard to be incorporated into Powerpoint. ( F )
4. Title bar displays the names of the application and document. ( T )
5. In the text area, you can edit your document. ( T )
Natural languages are designed to facilitate the communication between humans. Programming languages are designed to facilitate the communication between human and computers. A programming language is a notation for describing computation in computer-readable and human-readable form.
A programming language represents a special vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules for instructing a computer to perform specific tasks. Broadly speaking, it consists of a set of statements or expressions understandable to both people and computers. People understand these instructions because they use human (English and mathematical) expressions. Computers, in the other hand, process these instructions through use of special programs, which, known as compiler, decode the instructions from people and create machine-language coding.
Just like we have many different languages in use throughout the world for us humans to communicate with, there are different languages that we use to communicate with a computer . There are three levels of programming languages:
Machine language
Assembly language
High-level language
choose the best answer according to the passage .(根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。)
1. Programming languages are designed to facilitate the communication between human and .（ A ）
A. computers B. people C. hardware D. software
2. A programming language is a notation for describing computation which can be understand by both . ( C )
A. computer and machine B. human and software
C. computer and human D. software and hardware
3. Computers understand the programming language through ( B ) , which translate the programming language into machine-language that computer can understand.
A. assembly language B. compiler C. machine language D. high-level language
4. The following are the three levels of the programming language except .( D ).
A. machine language B assembly language. C. high-level language D. compiler
5.which of the following language can be directly understood by computer? ( A )
A. machine language B. assembly language C. high-level language D. compiler