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湖南大学-大学英语
Part III Cloze [15 minutes / 10 points]
Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage.
A recent educational experiment showed that the difference between “gifted” children and regular ones may have as much to do with 61 as with intelligence. An elementary school teacher was 62 into thinking that her students were above average in intelligence. She then 63 to get them to do outstanding work, even though their true IQ were well within the normal range. It seems that her belief in her students’ intelligence was enough to turn them 64 better learners.
It’s difficult to 65 exactly how much beliefs are expressed. It 66 have to do with how a teacher talks to the class: many positive, supportive expressions and few expressions of impatience, annoyance, or 67 . Non-verbal communication, including 68 expressions, probably plays a role, too. But one thing is clear: Labels and expressions 69 influence results.
Outside of the classroom, labeling can, as 70 as not, have a negative effect. The labels we put on different social groups are usually not inclusive. In fact, they are often sexist or racist. Of course, there is good and bad in all kinds of people. But we tend to accept some ideas about certain groups more readily than about others. The school experiment shows that such labels have a great deal of power. But when labels are unfair and negative they can be very damaging.
61. A. expectations B. inspections C. impatience D. reassurance
62. A. told B. asked C. lied D. deceived
63. A. asked B. offered C. managed D. tried
64. A. into B. to C. alongside D. from
65. A. go through with B. imprint C. go through D. pinpoint
66. A. may B. can C. should D. ought to
67. A. surprise B. irritation C. troublemaking D. irony
68. A. facial B. variable C. suggestive D. emotional
69. A. certainly B. strongly C. indifferently D. accordingly
70. A. quickly B. often C. always D. thoroughly
All that remained as rescuers combed through the wreckage were three pairs of melted skates dangling from one of the wings.
The silver medal he earned in Albertville, France, ushered the 27-year-old figure skater into a new existence.
By accessing an online real estate service, she saw color photos of rental properties, including detailed floor plans.
It was not until 1911 that the first of the vitamins was identified.
I enjoyed his new book though it’s not quite as good as his last one.
Part I Reading Comprehension [40 minutes / 40 points] Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read the passages carefully and decide on the best choice. Passage 1 Nearly all “speed reading” courses have a “pacing” element — some timing device which lets the student know how many words a minute he is reading. You can do this simply by looking at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes and noting down the page number you have reached. Check the average number of words per page for the particular book you are reading. How do you know when 5 minutes has passed on your watch if you are busy reading the book? Well, this is difficult at first. A friend can help by timing you over a set period, or you can read within hearing distance of a public clock which strikes the quarter hours. Pace yourself every three or four days, always with the same kind of easy, general interest books. You should soon notice your accustomed w.p.m. rate creeping up. Obviously there is little point in increasing your w.p.m. rate if you do not understand what you are reading. When you are consciously trying to increase your reading speed, stop after every chapter (if you are reading a novel) or every section or group of ten or twelve pages (if it is a text-book) and ask yourself a few questions about what you have been reading. If you find you have lost the thread of the story, or you cannot remember clearly the details of what was said, reread the section or chapter. You can also try “lightning speed” exercise from time to time. Take four or five pages of the general interest book you happen to be reading and read them as fast as you possibly can. Do not bother about whether you understand or not. Now go back and read them at what you feel to be your “normal” w. p. m. rate, the rate at which you can comfortably understand. After a “lightning speed” reading through (probably 600 w.p.m.) you will usually find that your “normal” speed has increased — perhaps by as much as 50-100 w. p.m. This is the technique sportsmen use when they usually run further in training than they will have to on the day of the big race. 1. According to the passage, a “pacing” device ________. A. is used as an aid to vocabulary learning B. is used to time student’s reading speed C. is not used in most, speed reading courses D. should be used whenever we read alone 2. In speed reading, looking at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes ________. A. may seem unworkable at first B. is not the same as pacing C. avoids the need for reading faster D. helps you to remember your page number 3. When you are reading a novel, you should check your understanding of the content after ________. A. every section B. every ten or twelve pages C. every four or five pages D. every chapter 4. The purpose of the “lightning speed” exercise is to ________. A. test your maximum reading speed B. help you understand more of the content of the book C. increase your speed by scanning the text first D. enable you to win reading races against your friends 5. The best title for this passage would be ________. A. Hints for Successful Reading B. Lightning Speed Exercises C. Hints for Speed Reading D. Effective Reading
Passage 2 Every year, when the Nobel Prizes are announced there is a great deal of publicity about the winners. They are interviewed and articles are written about them. This is because winning the Nobel Prize is considered by most people the highest honor that can be achieved in certain particular fields of work such as chemistry, physics, medicine, and literature. There is also a Nobel Peace Prize, awarded for efforts on behalf of peace. The curious thing about these prizes is that they were started by a man who did a great deal to help the science of destruction! Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm and lived from 1833 to 1896. Among the things which he invented and patented were dynamite, blasting gelatin (more powerful than dynamite), and a new kind of detonator for explosives. It may be that having created such deadly explosives, Nobel felt a need to do something "noble" for the world. He was interested in establishing peace, and had a plan he thought would prevent war. By the way, besides being a brilliant scientist, Nobel was also a poet. He thought that literature and science were the most important factors in human progress. When he died, Nobel left a fund of $9 000 000. The money was to be used in giving prizes to those who made outstanding contributions in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and the advancement of world peace. The prizes averaged about $40 000 each, and were first awarded on December 10, 1901, the anniversary of Nobel.s death. Since Nobel was a Swede, the Nobel Foundation of Sweden distributed the awards. The organizations selected to determine the winners were: for physics and chemistry, the Royal Academy of Science in Stockholm; for medicine, the Caroline Institute of Stockholm; for literature, the Swedish Academy of Literature; for peace, a committee of five persons chosen by the Norwegian Parliament. 6. What is curious about Nobel Prize? A. It was started by a man who was a Swede. B. Its founder is a man with a bad reputation. C. It was started by a man who helped the development of the science of destruction. D. Its money was from a scientist. 7. According to the passage, what.s the meaning of "destruction"? A. instruction B. destroying C. stopping D. breaking out 8. Why did the Nobel Foundation of Sweden distribute the awards? A. Because Nobel was a Swede. B. Because Sweden is famous for Nobel. C. Because the Nobel Foundation of Sweden is located in Sweden. D. Because Nobel wanted it to do this. 9. Why did Nobel decide to set up this prize? A. He had too much money. B. He though he had done more deadly explosives. C. He wanted to be famous after he died. D. He was interested in establishing peace. 10. Why were the prizes first awarded on December 10, 1901? A. It was the anniversary of Nobel.s birth. B. There was no special reason, C. Noble arranged it when he was alive. D. In order to memorize Nobel.
There are at least two causes of anxiety: conflict and stress. As an example of the former, we can rarely predict the precise consequences of what we do, but we are awarded (or cursed) with the intellectual capacity to anticipate the advantages and disadvantages which may arise for any action we may be contemplating. Very commonly we are faced with a choice between several courses of action, all of which we have reasons for or against. This state of affairs — in psychological jargon, multiple approach-avoidance conflict — accounts for a great deal of our worrying: worrying, that is, about what to do. The other major source of worry is the dreadful things which may happen or have happened to us or to those we care for. Among the most stressful of these are death, illness, loss of work, money problems, marital problems and retirement. Such worries have a rational basis, but we are curiously irrational in the way we pursue them. For example, fear of death is as strong among young adults as among the elderly and it does not seem to be reduced by any sort of religious faith, including the belief that there is life after death. It is equally surprising that objective measures of anxiety suggest that we are as worried the hour before having a tooth filled as when we face a major medical operation. How do we deal with worries? Psychiatrists point to a number of defensive devices we can use to turn them aside. We can avoid the situations which induce them, one of the example being that some people refuse to fly in airplanes. We can deny that we have the worry at all, which may be risky if the worry is well-founded. Alternatively, we may repress it. These are hazardous; the former may lead to free-floating, clinical anxiety, while the latter is a way of saying that many physical troubles seem to be primarily emotional in origin. Temporary relief from anxiety can be obtained through engaging in a variety of coping behaviors. These include many of the commonest items of our behavioral repertoire. Smoking, drinking, sleeping, eating, taking physical exercise, daydreaming: all can be used to reduce anxiety when the occasion demands it. It is when they fail that worrying or anxiety threatens to become a clinical problem. Of course, some people worry more than others, whatever the circumstances. So far I have been discussing the state of anxiety, which is largely the product of the amount of stress an individual experiences. But anxiety is also a personality trait, closely related to Eysenck’s neuroticism dimension, and the genes we inherit may make us likely become worriers. The importance of constitutional factors is underlined by the fact that people rarely have breakdowns for the first time later in life, despite the fact that stress-inducing events become more frequent as we get older. 11. One of the main reasons why people worry about the future is that they ________. A. do not know what the results of their actions will be B. are incapable of analyzing the actions they should take C. want to avoid problems they think they may meet D. are aware of different possible consequences resulting from their actions 12. Solutions to worrying such as smoking, drinking and physical exercise ________. A. are often satisfactory for a short time B. make things worse if we are worried C. do nothing to overcome anxiety D. merely produce physical strain to cover up mental stress 13. What is said about the fear of death in the passage? A. It depends on our religious beliefs. B. It has no logical foundation. C. It decreases as we get older. D. It exists irrespective of age or beliefs. 14. The tendency to worry ________. A. may be something we are born with B. depends entirely on our experience C. doesn’t vary much from one person to another D. is a social or national characteristic 15. The proof of the relationship between anxiety and personality is that ________. A. stress-inducing events become more frequent as we get older B. breakdowns are due to constitutional factors C. we inherit genes that may make us worry D. people who have breakdowns usually show signs of stress when young
The dog, called Prince, was an intelligent animal and a slave to Williams. From morning till night, when Williams was at home, Prince never left his sight, practically ignoring all other members of the family. The dog had a number of clearly defined duties, for which Williams had patiently trained him and, like the good pupil he was, Prince lived for the chance to demonstrate his abilities. When Williams wanted to put on his boots, he would murmur “Boots” and within seconds the dog would drop them at his feet. At nine every morning, Prince ran off to the general store in the village, returning shortly not only with Williams’ daily paper but with a half-ounce packet of Williams’ favorite tobacco, John Rhiney’s Mixed. A gun dog by breed, Prince possessed a large soft mouth specially evolved for the safe carrying of hunted creatures, so the paper and the tobacco came to no harm, never even showing a tooth mark. Williams was a railwayman, an engine driver, and he wore a blue uniform which smelled of oil and oil fuel. He had to work at odd times — “days”, “late days” or “nights”. Over the years Prince got to know these periods of work and rest, knew when his master would leave the house and return, and the dog did not waste this knowledge. If Williams overslept, as he often did, Prince barked at the bedroom door until he woke, much to the annoyance of the family. On his return, Williams’ slippers were brought to him, the paper and tobacco too if previously undelivered. A curious thing happened to Williams during the snow and ice of last winter. One evening he slipped and fell on the icy pavement somewhere between the village and his home. He was so badly shaken that he stayed in bed for three days; and not until he got up and dressed again did he discover that he had lost his wallet containing over fifty pounds. The house was turned upside down in the search, but the wallet was not found. However, two days later — that was five days after the fall — Prince dropped the wallet into William.s hand. Very muddy, stained and wet through, the little case still contained fifty-three pounds, Williams. driving license and a few other papers. Where the dog had found it no one could tell, but found it he had and recognized it probably by the faint oily smell on the worn leather. 16. How did the dog perform his duties? A. He had few opportunities to do them. B. He was delighted to show them off. C. He did them quickly to get them over. D. He did his best but was not often successful. 17. What does the passage tell us about gun dogs? A. They are the fastest runners of all dogs. B. Their teeth are removed when they are young. C. They breed well, producing many young dogs. D. They can carry birds, etc. without hurting them. 18. As a result of Williams’ work _________. A. he did not get enough sleep B. the dog grew accustomed to travelling by train C. there was an oily smell from his clothes D. the dog was confused about the time of the day 19. It upset Williams’ wife and family when _________. A. Williams had to go to work at night B. Williams made them all get up early C. the dog made too much noise in the house D. the dog would not let them see the newspaper 20. Williams did not realise his loss for several days because _________. A. he trusted the dog to find the wallet B. he had no occasion to feel in his pockets C. he thought the wallet was in the house D. he was unconscious all that time
. To be ________ to the House a person must be twenty-five years old and must have been a United States citizen for seven years. A. elected B. appointed C. chosen D. picked
Although your suggestion is not perfect, it still ________ serious consideration. A. merits B. worth C. worthy D. merges
The government gave us a ________ to build another classroom. A. donation B. permission C. grant D. award
The worry comes when paper-mills ignore the environmental pollution ________ profits. A. in pursuit of B. in front of C. at the back of D. in the bottom of
Staying motivated in your study can lead to success—unless your choice __________a dead end for your career. A. comes up with B. keep up with C. runs across D. ends up
All that remained as rescuers combed through the wreckage were three pairs of melted skates dangling from one of the wings.
The silver medal he earned in Albertville, France, ushered the 27-year-old figure skater into a new existence.
By accessing an online real estate service, she saw color photos of rental properties, including detailed floor plans.
It was not until 1911 that the first of the vitamins was identified.
I enjoyed his new book though it’s not quite as good as his last one.
Part I Reading Comprehension [40 minutes / 40 points] Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read the passages carefully and decide on the best choice. Passage 1 Nearly all “speed reading” courses have a “pacing” element — some timing device which lets the student know how many words a minute he is reading. You can do this simply by looking at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes and noting down the page number you have reached. Check the average number of words per page for the particular book you are reading. How do you know when 5 minutes has passed on your watch if you are busy reading the book? Well, this is difficult at first. A friend can help by timing you over a set period, or you can read within hearing distance of a public clock which strikes the quarter hours. Pace yourself every three or four days, always with the same kind of easy, general interest books. You should soon notice your accustomed w.p.m. rate creeping up. Obviously there is little point in increasing your w.p.m. rate if you do not understand what you are reading. When you are consciously trying to increase your reading speed, stop after every chapter (if you are reading a novel) or every section or group of ten or twelve pages (if it is a text-book) and ask yourself a few questions about what you have been reading. If you find you have lost the thread of the story, or you cannot remember clearly the details of what was said, reread the section or chapter. You can also try “lightning speed” exercise from time to time. Take four or five pages of the general interest book you happen to be reading and read them as fast as you possibly can. Do not bother about whether you understand or not. Now go back and read them at what you feel to be your “normal” w. p. m. rate, the rate at which you can comfortably understand. After a “lightning speed” reading through (probably 600 w.p.m.) you will usually find that your “normal” speed has increased — perhaps by as much as 50-100 w. p.m. This is the technique sportsmen use when they usually run further in training than they will have to on the day of the big race. 1. According to the passage, a “pacing” device ________. A. is used as an aid to vocabulary learning B. is used to time student’s reading speed C. is not used in most, speed reading courses D. should be used whenever we read alone 2. In speed reading, looking at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes ________. A. may seem unworkable at first B. is not the same as pacing C. avoids the need for reading faster D. helps you to remember your page number 3. When you are reading a novel, you should check your understanding of the content after ________. A. every section B. every ten or twelve pages C. every four or five pages D. every chapter 4. The purpose of the “lightning speed” exercise is to ________. A. test your maximum reading speed B. help you understand more of the content of the book C. increase your speed by scanning the text first D. enable you to win reading races against your friends 5. The best title for this passage would be ________. A. Hints for Successful Reading B. Lightning Speed Exercises C. Hints for Speed Reading D. Effective Reading
Passage 2 Every year, when the Nobel Prizes are announced there is a great deal of publicity about the winners. They are interviewed and articles are written about them. This is because winning the Nobel Prize is considered by most people the highest honor that can be achieved in certain particular fields of work such as chemistry, physics, medicine, and literature. There is also a Nobel Peace Prize, awarded for efforts on behalf of peace. The curious thing about these prizes is that they were started by a man who did a great deal to help the science of destruction! Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm and lived from 1833 to 1896. Among the things which he invented and patented were dynamite, blasting gelatin (more powerful than dynamite), and a new kind of detonator for explosives. It may be that having created such deadly explosives, Nobel felt a need to do something "noble" for the world. He was interested in establishing peace, and had a plan he thought would prevent war. By the way, besides being a brilliant scientist, Nobel was also a poet. He thought that literature and science were the most important factors in human progress. When he died, Nobel left a fund of $9 000 000. The money was to be used in giving prizes to those who made outstanding contributions in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and the advancement of world peace. The prizes averaged about $40 000 each, and were first awarded on December 10, 1901, the anniversary of Nobel.s death. Since Nobel was a Swede, the Nobel Foundation of Sweden distributed the awards. The organizations selected to determine the winners were: for physics and chemistry, the Royal Academy of Science in Stockholm; for medicine, the Caroline Institute of Stockholm; for literature, the Swedish Academy of Literature; for peace, a committee of five persons chosen by the Norwegian Parliament. 6. What is curious about Nobel Prize? A. It was started by a man who was a Swede. B. Its founder is a man with a bad reputation. C. It was started by a man who helped the development of the science of destruction. D. Its money was from a scientist. 7. According to the passage, what.s the meaning of "destruction"? A. instruction B. destroying C. stopping D. breaking out 8. Why did the Nobel Foundation of Sweden distribute the awards? A. Because Nobel was a Swede. B. Because Sweden is famous for Nobel. C. Because the Nobel Foundation of Sweden is located in Sweden. D. Because Nobel wanted it to do this. 9. Why did Nobel decide to set up this prize? A. He had too much money. B. He though he had done more deadly explosives. C. He wanted to be famous after he died. D. He was interested in establishing peace. 10. Why were the prizes first awarded on December 10, 1901? A. It was the anniversary of Nobel.s birth. B. There was no special reason, C. Noble arranged it when he was alive. D. In order to memorize Nobel.
There are at least two causes of anxiety: conflict and stress. As an example of the former, we can rarely predict the precise consequences of what we do, but we are awarded (or cursed) with the intellectual capacity to anticipate the advantages and disadvantages which may arise for any action we may be contemplating. Very commonly we are faced with a choice between several courses of action, all of which we have reasons for or against. This state of affairs — in psychological jargon, multiple approach-avoidance conflict — accounts for a great deal of our worrying: worrying, that is, about what to do. The other major source of worry is the dreadful things which may happen or have happened to us or to those we care for. Among the most stressful of these are death, illness, loss of work, money problems, marital problems and retirement. Such worries have a rational basis, but we are curiously irrational in the way we pursue them. For example, fear of death is as strong among young adults as among the elderly and it does not seem to be reduced by any sort of religious faith, including the belief that there is life after death. It is equally surprising that objective measures of anxiety suggest that we are as worried the hour before having a tooth filled as when we face a major medical operation. How do we deal with worries? Psychiatrists point to a number of defensive devices we can use to turn them aside. We can avoid the situations which induce them, one of the example being that some people refuse to fly in airplanes. We can deny that we have the worry at all, which may be risky if the worry is well-founded. Alternatively, we may repress it. These are hazardous; the former may lead to free-floating, clinical anxiety, while the latter is a way of saying that many physical troubles seem to be primarily emotional in origin. Temporary relief from anxiety can be obtained through engaging in a variety of coping behaviors. These include many of the commonest items of our behavioral repertoire. Smoking, drinking, sleeping, eating, taking physical exercise, daydreaming: all can be used to reduce anxiety when the occasion demands it. It is when they fail that worrying or anxiety threatens to become a clinical problem. Of course, some people worry more than others, whatever the circumstances. So far I have been discussing the state of anxiety, which is largely the product of the amount of stress an individual experiences. But anxiety is also a personality trait, closely related to Eysenck’s neuroticism dimension, and the genes we inherit may make us likely become worriers. The importance of constitutional factors is underlined by the fact that people rarely have breakdowns for the first time later in life, despite the fact that stress-inducing events become more frequent as we get older. 11. One of the main reasons why people worry about the future is that they ________. A. do not know what the results of their actions will be B. are incapable of analyzing the actions they should take C. want to avoid problems they think they may meet D. are aware of different possible consequences resulting from their actions 12. Solutions to worrying such as smoking, drinking and physical exercise ________. A. are often satisfactory for a short time B. make things worse if we are worried C. do nothing to overcome anxiety D. merely produce physical strain to cover up mental stress 13. What is said about the fear of death in the passage? A. It depends on our religious beliefs. B. It has no logical foundation. C. It decreases as we get older. D. It exists irrespective of age or beliefs. 14. The tendency to worry ________. A. may be something we are born with B. depends entirely on our experience C. doesn’t vary much from one person to another D. is a social or national characteristic 15. The proof of the relationship between anxiety and personality is that ________. A. stress-inducing events become more frequent as we get older B. breakdowns are due to constitutional factors C. we inherit genes that may make us worry D. people who have breakdowns usually show signs of stress when young
The dog, called Prince, was an intelligent animal and a slave to Williams. From morning till night, when Williams was at home, Prince never left his sight, practically ignoring all other members of the family. The dog had a number of clearly defined duties, for which Williams had patiently trained him and, like the good pupil he was, Prince lived for the chance to demonstrate his abilities. When Williams wanted to put on his boots, he would murmur “Boots” and within seconds the dog would drop them at his feet. At nine every morning, Prince ran off to the general store in the village, returning shortly not only with Williams’ daily paper but with a half-ounce packet of Williams’ favorite tobacco, John Rhiney’s Mixed. A gun dog by breed, Prince possessed a large soft mouth specially evolved for the safe carrying of hunted creatures, so the paper and the tobacco came to no harm, never even showing a tooth mark. Williams was a railwayman, an engine driver, and he wore a blue uniform which smelled of oil and oil fuel. He had to work at odd times — “days”, “late days” or “nights”. Over the years Prince got to know these periods of work and rest, knew when his master would leave the house and return, and the dog did not waste this knowledge. If Williams overslept, as he often did, Prince barked at the bedroom door until he woke, much to the annoyance of the family. On his return, Williams’ slippers were brought to him, the paper and tobacco too if previously undelivered. A curious thing happened to Williams during the snow and ice of last winter. One evening he slipped and fell on the icy pavement somewhere between the village and his home. He was so badly shaken that he stayed in bed for three days; and not until he got up and dressed again did he discover that he had lost his wallet containing over fifty pounds. The house was turned upside down in the search, but the wallet was not found. However, two days later — that was five days after the fall — Prince dropped the wallet into William.s hand. Very muddy, stained and wet through, the little case still contained fifty-three pounds, Williams. driving license and a few other papers. Where the dog had found it no one could tell, but found it he had and recognized it probably by the faint oily smell on the worn leather. 16. How did the dog perform his duties? A. He had few opportunities to do them. B. He was delighted to show them off. C. He did them quickly to get them over. D. He did his best but was not often successful. 17. What does the passage tell us about gun dogs? A. They are the fastest runners of all dogs. B. Their teeth are removed when they are young. C. They breed well, producing many young dogs. D. They can carry birds, etc. without hurting them. 18. As a result of Williams’ work _________. A. he did not get enough sleep B. the dog grew accustomed to travelling by train C. there was an oily smell from his clothes D. the dog was confused about the time of the day 19. It upset Williams’ wife and family when _________. A. Williams had to go to work at night B. Williams made them all get up early C. the dog made too much noise in the house D. the dog would not let them see the newspaper 20. Williams did not realise his loss for several days because _________. A. he trusted the dog to find the wallet B. he had no occasion to feel in his pockets C. he thought the wallet was in the house D. he was unconscious all that time
. To be ________ to the House a person must be twenty-five years old and must have been a United States citizen for seven years. A. elected B. appointed C. chosen D. picked
Although your suggestion is not perfect, it still ________ serious consideration. A. merits B. worth C. worthy D. merges
The government gave us a ________ to build another classroom. A. donation B. permission C. grant D. award
The worry comes when paper-mills ignore the environmental pollution ________ profits. A. in pursuit of B. in front of C. at the back of D. in the bottom of
Staying motivated in your study can lead to success—unless your choice __________a dead end for your career. A. comes up with B. keep up with C. runs across D. ends up