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江苏开放大学大学英语（B）（1）作业2
Rae and Bruce Hostetler not only work very hard, they also relax just as well.Numerous vacations help the couple to maintain their health and emotional wellbeingand it’s no surprise to health care professionals.
“Rest, relaxation, and stress reduction are very important for people’s wellbeing and health. This can be accomplished through daily activities, such as exercise and meditation, but vacation is an important part of this as well, ” said primary care physician Natasha Withers from One Medical Group in New York. Withers lists a decreased risk of heart disease and improved reaction time as some of the benefits from taking some time off.“We also know that the mind is very powerful and can help with healing，so a rested，relaxed mind is able to help the body heal better, ” said Withers.
Psychologists confirm the value of vacations for the mind.“The impact that taking a vacation has on one’s mental health is great, ” said Francine Lederer, a clinical psychologist in Los Angeles who specializes in stress and relationship management.“Most people have better life perspective and are more motivated to achieve their goals after a vacation，even if it is a 24hour timeout.” The trips could be good for their health, good for their family and good for their businesses.
The online travel agency Expedia conducted a survey about vacation time in 2010, and according to their data the average American earned 18 vacation days—but only used 14 of them. France topped the list, with the average worker earning 37 vacation days and using all but two of them. Americans’ responses may not be surprising in a culture where long hours on the job often are valued, but that’s not always good for the individual, the family or the employer.
Psychologists have also found that people who don’t take enough time to relax may find it harder to relax in the future.“Without time and opportunity to do this，the nerve connections that produce feelings of calm and peacefulness become weaker, making it actually more difficult to shift into lessstressed states, ” Mulhern said.
B-16．How did the author introduce the topic of the text?
A
By making comparisons.
B
By giving an example.
C
By raising questions.
D
By providing data.
正确答案：B学生答案：B
老师点评：
答案解析：
推理判断题。根据第一段可知，文章通过Rae Hostetler和Bruce Hostetler夫妇的例子引出了文章的主题，故选B。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：较难得分：2
17
阅读B-16题干中Passage One材料，完成本题。
B-17．According to Natasha Withers，vacations can________.
A
weaken reaction system
B
cure serious diseases
C
reduce the level of wellbeing
D
decrease the risk of heart disease
正确答案：D学生答案：D
老师点评：
答案解析：
推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Rest, relaxation, and stress reduction are very important for people’s wellbeing and health.”以及“but vacation is an important part of this as well” 可知，度假对人们的身体健康很重要。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：较难得分：2
18
阅读B-16题干中Passage One材料，完成本题。
B-18．Expedia’s survey shows that Americans________.
A
dislike family gatherings
B
have the shortest vacation
C
enjoy as many vacations as the French
D
think much of spending long hours on the job
正确答案：D学生答案：D
老师点评：
答案解析：
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句中的“Americans’ responses may not be surprising in a culture where long hours on the job often are valued”可知，美国人很认同将大量时间花在工作上的做法。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：较难得分：2
19
阅读B-16题干中Passage One材料，完成本题。
B-19．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A
One should never wait to relax.
B
Work and rest go against each other.
C
Time and opportunity wait for no man.
D
A relaxed mind determines everything.
正确答案：A学生答案：A
老师点评：
答案解析：
推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，如果没有时间和机会休息，时间久了会使得产生平静和安静的感情神经变得很弱，从而就更难产生让人放松的感觉了，由此可推知，选A。A项意为“我们要及时休息”。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：较难得分：2
20
阅读B-16题干中Passage One材料，完成本题。
B-20．What is mainly talked about in the text?
A
Ways to relax in one’s free time.
B
The benefits of taking time off.
C
Different opinions on holidays.
D
The Hostetlers always on the go.
Besides containing attractive flowers, trees and other plants that beautify the community, eco-friendly rain gardens are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby.
A rain garden is not very different from a traditional garden. It is just a far more eco-friendly garden. Usually it is built lower than the ground. Rain gardens make smart use of rain and storm water by temporarily holding water from rain and storms and letting it soak(渗透) slowly into the ground before it runs into streams or enters the public drinking water supply.
Thus, a rain garden keeps the water，allowing it to be used as needed by plants in the rain garden, rather than flowing immediately into nearby streams and going unused. The water will soak slowly into the ground within a day or two. This creates an advantage that the rain garden does not allow mosquitoes to breed. This is a simple, attractive, and eco-friendly “green” way to treat storm water.
What’s more, planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment. Without using expensive machinery and chemicals, rain gardens remove harmful chemicals in the rainwater and cut down on the amount of pollution reaching streams and rivers by up to 30%.
Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the local climate, soil, and water conditions. They may attract local wildlife such as native birds. Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week, unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week. Once native plants establish the necessary root system，they will require little care.
Often，local governments and private businesses develop large rain gardens in their yards and in public parks as a way to improve the environment and solve flooding problems. However, you don’t need to be a professionally environmental engineer to create a rain garden. As long as you’re ecoconscious homeowners，you can help the environment by building smaller rain gardens in your yards.
B-21.Which of the following is NOT true for the function of rain gardens?
A
They are good for living conditions.
B
They increase pollution.
C
They can beautify the community.
D
They improve the environment.
正确答案：B学生答案：B
老师点评：
答案解析：
细节理解题。根据第一段内容“Besides containing attractive flowers，trees and other plants that beautify the community，eco-friendly rain gardens are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby.”可知雨水花园对环境有益，并不会增加污染。故选B。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
22
阅读B-21题干中Passage Two材料，完成本题。
B-22. Which of the following is the eco-friendly function of rain gardens discussed in Paragraph 4?
A
They can help reduce the pollution problem.
B
They can keep the rain and storm water.
C
They can be healthy for the people around.
D
They can make the environment more beautiful.
正确答案：A学生答案：A
老师点评：
答案解析：
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句话“What’s more，planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment.”可知，雨水花园有助于减少污染。故A正确。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
23
阅读B-21题干中Passage Two材料，完成本题。
B-23. One of the main reasons why native plants are recommended is that .
A
they cost less and are much easier to get
B
they may attract local wildlife to come
C
they require little care from the local gardener
D
they are more used to the local growing conditions
正确答案：D学生答案：D
老师点评：
答案解析：
细节理解题。根据第五段第一句话“Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the local climate，soil，and water conditions.”可知，建议种本地的植物是因为本地的植物更适应本地的环境。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
24
阅读B-21题干中Passage Two材料，完成本题。
B-24. What do we know about rain gardens?
A
They need little water after all the plants are planted.
B
They may attract local birds and change the local climate.
C
They usually need at least an inch of rainwater a week.
D
They may reduce the water pollution problem by 70%.
If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?
According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.
The study also found the effect is greater, the younger people learn a second language.
A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, from University College London, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners.
Scans showed that grey matter density(密度)in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference.
“Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists.
It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.
Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales，has researched the link between bilingualism and math skills.“Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible，”he said.“You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.”
The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34.Reading，writing, and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better.“Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists.
B-25．The main subject talked about in this passage is________.
A
science on learning a second language
B
man’s ability of learning a second language
C
language can help brain power
D
language learning and math study
正确答案：C学生答案：C
老师点评：
答案解析：
主旨大意题。作者在本文第一段提出本文的主题，然后下文围绕这一主题进行深入地阐述，即“语言学习可以提高你的智力”。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
26
阅读B-25题干中Passage Three材料，完成本题。
B-26．In the second paragraph, the writer mentions “exercise” in order to________.
A
say language is also a kind of physical labor
B
prove that one needs more practice when he(she) is learning a language
C
to show the importance of using the language when you learn the language
D
make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well
正确答案：D学生答案：D
老师点评：
答案解析：
推理判断题。作者把语言学习对大脑的促进作用比作体育锻炼能促进肌肉健全的促进作用，目的是为了说明语言学习对大脑的促进有类似的作用。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
27
阅读B-25题干中Passage Three材料，完成本题。
B-27．In the last two paragraphs, the author wants to tell us that ________.
A
learning a second language is the same as studying maths
B
early learning of a second language helps you a great deal in study other subjects
C
Italian is the best choice for you as a second language
D
you’d better choose the ages between 2 and 34 to learn a second language
正确答案：B学生答案：B
老师点评：
答案解析：
主旨大意题。作者在最后两段继续阐述其中心论点：即外语的学习宜早不宜迟。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
28
B-28到B-30阅读Passage Four。短文后有3个问题，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Passage Four
Every day we go to school and listen to the teacher, and the teacher will ask us some questions. Sometimes, the classmates will ask your opinions of the work of the class. When you are telling others in the class what you have found out about these topics, remember that they must be able to hear what you are saying. You are not taking part in a family conversation or having a chat（闲谈）with friends—you are in a slightly unnatural situation where a large group of people will remain silent, waiting to hear what you have to say. You must speak so that they can hear you—loudly enough and clearly enough but without trying to shout of appearing to force yourself.
Remember, too, that it is the same if you are called to an interview whether it is with a professor of your school or a government official who might meet you. The person you are seeing will try to put you at your ease（轻松）but the situation is somewhat（一点儿）different from that of an ordinary conversation. You must take special care that you can be heard.
B-28. The situation in the class is ________ that in your house.
A
not very different from
B
sometimes the same as
C
sometimes not the same as
D
not the same as
正确答案：D学生答案：D
老师点评：
答案解析：
事实判断题。文章第一段告诉我们：在班上讲话不同于在家中谈话或闲聊，当有一大群人安静下来，等待你的讲话时，你会感到有点不自然，由此可见，D项为最佳选项。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
29
阅读B-28题干中Passage Four材料，完成本题。
B-29. If you are having a conversation with an official, the most important thing for you is _______.
A
to show your ability
B
to be very gentle
C
to make sure that you can be heard
D
to put the official at ease
正确答案：C学生答案：C
老师点评：
答案解析：
细节理解题。文章最后一句：You must take special care that you can be heard.你应特别注意你会被别人听到。很清楚地交代了答案应选C项。这里take special care意为“特别注意，特别重视”。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
30
阅读B-28题干中Passage Four材料，完成本题。
B-30. The main idea of this passage is _____.
A
that we must use different ways at different situations
B
that we must speak loudly
C
that we must keep silent at any time
D
that we must talk with the class
Charlie came from a poor village. His parents had B-31 money to send him to school when he was young. The boy was very sad. Mr. King lived next to him. He found the boy B-32 and had pity on him and lent some money to him. So the boy could go to school. He studied hard and B-33 all his lessons. When he finished middle school, the man introduced him to his friend in the town. And he began to work.
Once Mr. King was seriously hurt in an accident. Dying, he asked Charlie to take care of his daughter, Sharon. The young man B-34 and several years later he married the girl. He loved her very much and tried his best to make her happy. He often bought beautiful clothes and delicious food for her. He was good at cooking and he cooked B-35 for her. So she became very fat and she felt it difficult to walk. And one day she found there was something wrong with her heart. Her husband wasn’t at home and she had to go to B-36 at once. The doctors looked her over and told her B-37 eat meat, sugar, chocolate and things like these. She was afraid B-38 the doctor’s words and wrote all the names of the food on the paper. When she got home, she put the list on the table and B-39 . When she returned home that afternoon, she found many kinds of food: meat, sugar and chocolate in the kitchen. Charlie was busy B-40 there. As soon as he saw her, he said happily, “I’ve bought all the food you like, dear!”
B-31. Which one is the best to fill in the blank?
A
no
B
some
C
much
D
enough
正确答案：A学生答案：A
老师点评：
答案解析：
查理家境贫困，父母没有钱资助他上学，故选no。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
32
阅读B-31题干中材料，完成本题。
B-32. Which one is the best to fill in the blank?
A
lazy
B
clever
C
careful
D
hard
正确答案：B学生答案：B
老师点评：
答案解析：
根据下文，查理不负众望，说明他聪明好学，故选clever。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
33
阅读B-31题干中材料，完成本题。
B-33. Which one is the best to fill in the blank?
A
did well in
B
was poor at
C
was working
D
was good for
正确答案：A学生答案：A
老师点评：
答案解析：
查理学习刻苦，并顺利完成了学业，说明他各门功课成绩较好，故选did well in。D选项介词用错，正确词组为was good at。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
34
阅读B-31题干中材料，完成本题。
B-34. Which one is the best to fill in the blank?
A
was angry
B
thought hard
C
agreed
D
said “No.”
正确答案：C学生答案：C
老师点评：
答案解析：
根据下文查理娶了金先生女儿为妻并精心呵护她，说明查理同意了金先生的请求，故选agreed。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
35
阅读B-31题干中材料，完成本题。
B-35. Which one is the best to fill in the blank?
A
a little
B
a few
C
many
D
a lot
正确答案：D学生答案：D
老师点评：
答案解析：
根据下文妻子胖得不能走路，说明她食物吃得多。此外食物为不可数名词，因此只能用a lot of来修饰。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
36
阅读B-31题干中材料，完成本题。
B-36. Which one is the best to fill in the blank?
A
rest
B
sleep
C
hospital
D
work
正确答案：C学生答案：C
老师点评：
答案解析：
心脏不好，应去医院检查，下文指出为她检查的正是医生，故选hospital。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
37
阅读B-31题干中材料，完成本题。
B-37. Which one is the best to fill in the blank?
A
should
B
would
C
to
D
not to
正确答案：D学生答案：D
老师点评：
答案解析：
由于她的病是因营养过剩引起的，医生应让她不要吃肉，糖果之类的食物，故选not to。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
38
阅读B-31题干中材料，完成本题。
B-38. Which one is the best to fill in the blank?
A
to remember
B
to forget
C
to catch
D
to teach
正确答案：B学生答案：B
老师点评：
答案解析：
她害怕忘了医生的指示，因此将其写在纸上，故选to forget。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
39
阅读B-31题干中材料，完成本题。
B-39. Which one is the best to fill in the blank?
A
slept
B
went out
C
cooked
D
ate
正确答案：B学生答案：B
老师点评：
答案解析：
与下文相对应，这里应填went out。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
40
阅读B-31题干中材料，完成本题。
B-40. Which one is the best to fill in the blank?
A
reading
B
seeing
C
cooking
D
writing
She bought several clothes shops and prepared to build up a chain.
A
她盘下了几家服装店，并且打算再开一家新的分店。
B
她买下了几家服装店，并且准备建立连锁店。
C
她把几家商店的衣服都买下来了，衣服多的像链条一样挂满了屋子。
D
她买下了几家服装店．并且想再买一条项链。
Compared with the developed countries, some African countries are left far behind in terms of people’ s living standard.
A
与发达国家相比，一些非洲国家在人民生活水平上还相差甚远。
B
相比较发展过的国家，一些非洲国家的人民生活水平远远落后。
C
与发达国家相比，在人民生活水平方面一些国家很落后。
D
就人民生活水平而言，一些非洲国家被落在了发达国家后面。
No matter how long or short the letter is, what really counts is that it’ s heart-warming.
A
不管信是多么长，人心是不可计数的。
B
信的长短无所谓，真正可以计数的是它能温暖人心。
C
信的长短无所谓，关键是它能温暖人心。
D
不管信是长还是短，真正重要的是它能温暖人心。
Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace man.
A
尽管电子计算机有许多优点，可是它不能理解创造性工作，也不能代替人类。
B
有许多优点的电子计算机也不能代替人类去做创造性工作。
C
电子计算机有很多缺点，既不能进行创造性工作，也不能代替人类。
D
尽管电子计算机有许多优点，可是它不能进行创造性工作．也不能代替人类。
It must be admitted that a good deal of dissatisfaction is reflected in those report.
A
它必须被承认，也就是说这些报道反应了很多不满情绪。
B
必须承认，这些报道反应了很多不满情绪。
C
我们必须承认，这些报道确实反应了很多潜在的不满情绪。
D
这些报道反映出很多不满情绪的这个事实是应该被承认的。
On Success (论成功)
写作说明：
（1）成功对于每个人来说都很重要；
（2）决定成功的因素有很多，你认为主要有……
The latest in cat research reveals that the lovely animal seems to have a basic grasp on both the laws of physics and the ins and outs of cause and effect.
According to a newly published study, cats seem to be able to predict the location of hiding prey（猎物）using both their ears and an inborn（天生的） understanding off how the physical world works.
In a recent experiment, Japanese researchers taped 30 domestic cats reacting to a container that a team member shook. Some containers rattled （发出响声）;others did not. When the container was tipped over, sometimes an object fell out and sometimes it didn.t.
It turns out that the cats were remarkably smart about what would happen when a container was tipped over. When an object did not drop out of the bottom of a rattling container, they looked at it for a longer time than they did when the container behaved as expected.
"Cats use a causal-logical understanding of noise or sounds to predict the appearance of invisible objects,"lead researcher Saho Takagi says in a press release. The researchers conclude that cats. hunting style may have developed based on their common-sense abilities to infer where prey is, using their hearing.
Scientists have explored this idea with other endearing creatures: babies. Like cats, babies appear to engage in what.s called "preferential looking"---looking longer at things that are interesting or unusual than things they perceive as normal.
When babies. expectations are violated in experiments like the ones performed with the cats, they react much like their animal friends. Psychologists have shown that babies apparently expect their world to comply with the laws of physics and cause and effect as early as two months of age.
Does the study mean that cats will soon grasp the ins and outs of cause and effect? Maybe. Okay, so cats may not be the next physics faculty members at America.s most important research universities. But by demonstrating their common sense, they.ve shown that the divide between cats and humans may not be that great after all.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
1
What do we learn from a newly published study about cats?
A
They can be trained to understand the physical world.
B
They know what kind of prey might be easier to hunt.
C
They have a natural ability to locate animals they hunt.
D
They are capable of telling which way their prey flees.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
2
What may account for the cats. response to the noise from the containers?
A
Their inborn sensitivity to noise.
B
Their unusual sense of direction.
C
Their special ability to perceive.
D
Their mastery of cause and effect.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
3
What is characteristic of the way cats hunt, according to the Japanese researchers?
A
They depend on their instincts.
B
They rely mainly on their hearing.
C
They wait some time before attack.
D
They use both their ears and eyes.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
4
In what way do babies behave like cats?
A
They focus on what appears odd.
B
They view the world as normal.
C
They do what they prefer to do.
D
They are curious about everything.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
5
What can we conclude about cats from the passage?
A
They have higher intelligence than many other animals.
B
They interact with the physical world much like humans.
C
They display extraordinarily high intelligence in hunting.
D
They can aid physics professors in their research work.
Imagine you enter a car with no steering wheel, no brake or accelerator pedals（踏板）.Under a voice-activated command, you say an address. “The fastest route will take us 15.3 minutes. Should I take it?” You say “yes” and you are on your way. The car responds and starts moving all by itself. All you have to do is sit back and relax.
How weird would it be if, one day in the future, everyone had such a car? No crazy driving, no insults, no cutting in; traffic laws would be respected and driving much safer. On the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement and town budgets without all those speeding and parking tickets.
A new technology has the potential to change modern society in radical ways. There’s no question that self-driving vehicles could be an enormous benefit. The potential for safer cars means accident statistics would drop: some 94% of road accidents in the U. S. involve human error. Older drivers and visually- or physically-impaired people would gain a new level of freedom. Maintaining safe speeds and being electric, self-driving cars would drastically reduce pollution levels and dependency on non-renewable fuels. Roads would be quieter, people safer.
But we must also consider the impact of the new technology on those who now depend on driving for their livelihoods. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, in May 2020 there were 505,560 registered school bus drivers. The American Trucking Association lists approximately 3.5 million professional truck drivers in the U.S.
The companies developing self-driving vehicles should be partnering with state and federal authorities to offer retraining for this massive workforce, many of whom will be displaced by the new technology. This is similar to what’s happening in the coal and oil industries, a situation that fuels much of the current political discontent in this country.
New technologies will, and should, be developed. This is how society moves forward. However, progress can’t be one-sided. It is necessary for the companies and state agencies involved to consider ethical consequences of these potential changes to build a better future for all.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
1
What would be the impact of the extensive use of driverless cars?
A
People would be driving in a more civilized way.
B
It would save local governments a lot of money.
C
More policemen would be patrolling the streets.
D
Traffic regulations would be a thing of the past.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
2
How would the elderly and the disabled benefit from driverless cars?
A
They could enjoy greater mobility.
B
They would suffer no road accidents.
C
They would have no trouble driving.
D
They could go anywhere they want.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
3
What would be the negative impact of driverless cars?
A
The conflict between labor and management would intensify.
B
The gap between various sectors of society would be widened.
C
Professional drivers would have a hard time adapting to new road conditions.
D
Numerous professional drivers would have to find new ways of earning a living.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
4
What is the result of the introduction of new technologies in energy industries?
A
Political dissatisfaction.
B
Retraining of employees.
C
Fossil fuel conservation.
D
Business restructuring.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
5
What does the author suggest businesses and the government do?
A
Keeр pace with technological developments.
B
Make new technologies affordable to everyone.
C
Enable everyone to benefit from new technologies.
D
Popularize the use of new technologies and devices.
Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.
The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic（神经质的）than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.
Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.
Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.
Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.
Personality isn.t destiny（命运）, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn.t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
1
The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is _____.
A
to see whether people.s personality affects their life span
B
to find out if one.s lifestyle has any effect on their health
C
to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life
D
to examine all the factors contributing to longevity
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
2
What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?
A
They have a good understanding of evolution.
B
They are better at negotiating an agreement.
C
They generally appear more resourceful.
D
They are more likely to get over hardship.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
3
What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?
A
Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.
B
Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.
C
Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.
D
Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
4
What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?
A
Children.s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.
B
People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.
C
Mothers. influence on children may last longer than fathers..
D
Mothers. negative personality characteristics may affect their children.s life span.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
5
What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?
A
Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one.s life span.
B
Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.
C
Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.
D
Health is in large part related to one.s lifestyle.
要求在30分钟内，根据下面所给的题目与所给写作要求，用英语写出一篇不少于150词的短文。
We Shouldn.t Totally Turn to the Internet
请依照以下写作要求进行写作：
1、现在不少人一遇到问题就上网搜答案
2、这种现象可能产生的影响
3、你认为应该怎么做
“Rest, relaxation, and stress reduction are very important for people’s wellbeing and health. This can be accomplished through daily activities, such as exercise and meditation, but vacation is an important part of this as well, ” said primary care physician Natasha Withers from One Medical Group in New York. Withers lists a decreased risk of heart disease and improved reaction time as some of the benefits from taking some time off.“We also know that the mind is very powerful and can help with healing，so a rested，relaxed mind is able to help the body heal better, ” said Withers.
Psychologists confirm the value of vacations for the mind.“The impact that taking a vacation has on one’s mental health is great, ” said Francine Lederer, a clinical psychologist in Los Angeles who specializes in stress and relationship management.“Most people have better life perspective and are more motivated to achieve their goals after a vacation，even if it is a 24hour timeout.” The trips could be good for their health, good for their family and good for their businesses.
The online travel agency Expedia conducted a survey about vacation time in 2010, and according to their data the average American earned 18 vacation days—but only used 14 of them. France topped the list, with the average worker earning 37 vacation days and using all but two of them. Americans’ responses may not be surprising in a culture where long hours on the job often are valued, but that’s not always good for the individual, the family or the employer.
Psychologists have also found that people who don’t take enough time to relax may find it harder to relax in the future.“Without time and opportunity to do this，the nerve connections that produce feelings of calm and peacefulness become weaker, making it actually more difficult to shift into lessstressed states, ” Mulhern said.
B-16．How did the author introduce the topic of the text?
A
By making comparisons.
B
By giving an example.
C
By raising questions.
D
By providing data.
正确答案：B学生答案：B
老师点评：
答案解析：
推理判断题。根据第一段可知，文章通过Rae Hostetler和Bruce Hostetler夫妇的例子引出了文章的主题，故选B。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：较难得分：2
17
阅读B-16题干中Passage One材料，完成本题。
B-17．According to Natasha Withers，vacations can________.
A
weaken reaction system
B
cure serious diseases
C
reduce the level of wellbeing
D
decrease the risk of heart disease
正确答案：D学生答案：D
老师点评：
答案解析：
推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Rest, relaxation, and stress reduction are very important for people’s wellbeing and health.”以及“but vacation is an important part of this as well” 可知，度假对人们的身体健康很重要。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：较难得分：2
18
阅读B-16题干中Passage One材料，完成本题。
B-18．Expedia’s survey shows that Americans________.
A
dislike family gatherings
B
have the shortest vacation
C
enjoy as many vacations as the French
D
think much of spending long hours on the job
正确答案：D学生答案：D
老师点评：
答案解析：
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句中的“Americans’ responses may not be surprising in a culture where long hours on the job often are valued”可知，美国人很认同将大量时间花在工作上的做法。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：较难得分：2
19
阅读B-16题干中Passage One材料，完成本题。
B-19．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A
One should never wait to relax.
B
Work and rest go against each other.
C
Time and opportunity wait for no man.
D
A relaxed mind determines everything.
正确答案：A学生答案：A
老师点评：
答案解析：
推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，如果没有时间和机会休息，时间久了会使得产生平静和安静的感情神经变得很弱，从而就更难产生让人放松的感觉了，由此可推知，选A。A项意为“我们要及时休息”。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：较难得分：2
20
阅读B-16题干中Passage One材料，完成本题。
B-20．What is mainly talked about in the text?
A
Ways to relax in one’s free time.
B
The benefits of taking time off.
C
Different opinions on holidays.
D
The Hostetlers always on the go.
Besides containing attractive flowers, trees and other plants that beautify the community, eco-friendly rain gardens are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby.
A rain garden is not very different from a traditional garden. It is just a far more eco-friendly garden. Usually it is built lower than the ground. Rain gardens make smart use of rain and storm water by temporarily holding water from rain and storms and letting it soak(渗透) slowly into the ground before it runs into streams or enters the public drinking water supply.
Thus, a rain garden keeps the water，allowing it to be used as needed by plants in the rain garden, rather than flowing immediately into nearby streams and going unused. The water will soak slowly into the ground within a day or two. This creates an advantage that the rain garden does not allow mosquitoes to breed. This is a simple, attractive, and eco-friendly “green” way to treat storm water.
What’s more, planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment. Without using expensive machinery and chemicals, rain gardens remove harmful chemicals in the rainwater and cut down on the amount of pollution reaching streams and rivers by up to 30%.
Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the local climate, soil, and water conditions. They may attract local wildlife such as native birds. Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week, unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week. Once native plants establish the necessary root system，they will require little care.
Often，local governments and private businesses develop large rain gardens in their yards and in public parks as a way to improve the environment and solve flooding problems. However, you don’t need to be a professionally environmental engineer to create a rain garden. As long as you’re ecoconscious homeowners，you can help the environment by building smaller rain gardens in your yards.
B-21.Which of the following is NOT true for the function of rain gardens?
A
They are good for living conditions.
B
They increase pollution.
C
They can beautify the community.
D
They improve the environment.
正确答案：B学生答案：B
老师点评：
答案解析：
细节理解题。根据第一段内容“Besides containing attractive flowers，trees and other plants that beautify the community，eco-friendly rain gardens are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby.”可知雨水花园对环境有益，并不会增加污染。故选B。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
22
阅读B-21题干中Passage Two材料，完成本题。
B-22. Which of the following is the eco-friendly function of rain gardens discussed in Paragraph 4?
A
They can help reduce the pollution problem.
B
They can keep the rain and storm water.
C
They can be healthy for the people around.
D
They can make the environment more beautiful.
正确答案：A学生答案：A
老师点评：
答案解析：
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句话“What’s more，planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment.”可知，雨水花园有助于减少污染。故A正确。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
23
阅读B-21题干中Passage Two材料，完成本题。
B-23. One of the main reasons why native plants are recommended is that .
A
they cost less and are much easier to get
B
they may attract local wildlife to come
C
they require little care from the local gardener
D
they are more used to the local growing conditions
正确答案：D学生答案：D
老师点评：
答案解析：
细节理解题。根据第五段第一句话“Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the local climate，soil，and water conditions.”可知，建议种本地的植物是因为本地的植物更适应本地的环境。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
24
阅读B-21题干中Passage Two材料，完成本题。
B-24. What do we know about rain gardens?
A
They need little water after all the plants are planted.
B
They may attract local birds and change the local climate.
C
They usually need at least an inch of rainwater a week.
D
They may reduce the water pollution problem by 70%.
If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?
According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.
The study also found the effect is greater, the younger people learn a second language.
A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, from University College London, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners.
Scans showed that grey matter density(密度)in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference.
“Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists.
It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.
Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales，has researched the link between bilingualism and math skills.“Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible，”he said.“You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.”
The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34.Reading，writing, and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better.“Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists.
B-25．The main subject talked about in this passage is________.
A
science on learning a second language
B
man’s ability of learning a second language
C
language can help brain power
D
language learning and math study
正确答案：C学生答案：C
老师点评：
答案解析：
主旨大意题。作者在本文第一段提出本文的主题，然后下文围绕这一主题进行深入地阐述，即“语言学习可以提高你的智力”。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
26
阅读B-25题干中Passage Three材料，完成本题。
B-26．In the second paragraph, the writer mentions “exercise” in order to________.
A
say language is also a kind of physical labor
B
prove that one needs more practice when he(she) is learning a language
C
to show the importance of using the language when you learn the language
D
make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well
正确答案：D学生答案：D
老师点评：
答案解析：
推理判断题。作者把语言学习对大脑的促进作用比作体育锻炼能促进肌肉健全的促进作用，目的是为了说明语言学习对大脑的促进有类似的作用。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
27
阅读B-25题干中Passage Three材料，完成本题。
B-27．In the last two paragraphs, the author wants to tell us that ________.
A
learning a second language is the same as studying maths
B
early learning of a second language helps you a great deal in study other subjects
C
Italian is the best choice for you as a second language
D
you’d better choose the ages between 2 and 34 to learn a second language
正确答案：B学生答案：B
老师点评：
答案解析：
主旨大意题。作者在最后两段继续阐述其中心论点：即外语的学习宜早不宜迟。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
28
B-28到B-30阅读Passage Four。短文后有3个问题，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Passage Four
Every day we go to school and listen to the teacher, and the teacher will ask us some questions. Sometimes, the classmates will ask your opinions of the work of the class. When you are telling others in the class what you have found out about these topics, remember that they must be able to hear what you are saying. You are not taking part in a family conversation or having a chat（闲谈）with friends—you are in a slightly unnatural situation where a large group of people will remain silent, waiting to hear what you have to say. You must speak so that they can hear you—loudly enough and clearly enough but without trying to shout of appearing to force yourself.
Remember, too, that it is the same if you are called to an interview whether it is with a professor of your school or a government official who might meet you. The person you are seeing will try to put you at your ease（轻松）but the situation is somewhat（一点儿）different from that of an ordinary conversation. You must take special care that you can be heard.
B-28. The situation in the class is ________ that in your house.
A
not very different from
B
sometimes the same as
C
sometimes not the same as
D
not the same as
正确答案：D学生答案：D
老师点评：
答案解析：
事实判断题。文章第一段告诉我们：在班上讲话不同于在家中谈话或闲聊，当有一大群人安静下来，等待你的讲话时，你会感到有点不自然，由此可见，D项为最佳选项。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
29
阅读B-28题干中Passage Four材料，完成本题。
B-29. If you are having a conversation with an official, the most important thing for you is _______.
A
to show your ability
B
to be very gentle
C
to make sure that you can be heard
D
to put the official at ease
正确答案：C学生答案：C
老师点评：
答案解析：
细节理解题。文章最后一句：You must take special care that you can be heard.你应特别注意你会被别人听到。很清楚地交代了答案应选C项。这里take special care意为“特别注意，特别重视”。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
30
阅读B-28题干中Passage Four材料，完成本题。
B-30. The main idea of this passage is _____.
A
that we must use different ways at different situations
B
that we must speak loudly
C
that we must keep silent at any time
D
that we must talk with the class
Charlie came from a poor village. His parents had B-31 money to send him to school when he was young. The boy was very sad. Mr. King lived next to him. He found the boy B-32 and had pity on him and lent some money to him. So the boy could go to school. He studied hard and B-33 all his lessons. When he finished middle school, the man introduced him to his friend in the town. And he began to work.
Once Mr. King was seriously hurt in an accident. Dying, he asked Charlie to take care of his daughter, Sharon. The young man B-34 and several years later he married the girl. He loved her very much and tried his best to make her happy. He often bought beautiful clothes and delicious food for her. He was good at cooking and he cooked B-35 for her. So she became very fat and she felt it difficult to walk. And one day she found there was something wrong with her heart. Her husband wasn’t at home and she had to go to B-36 at once. The doctors looked her over and told her B-37 eat meat, sugar, chocolate and things like these. She was afraid B-38 the doctor’s words and wrote all the names of the food on the paper. When she got home, she put the list on the table and B-39 . When she returned home that afternoon, she found many kinds of food: meat, sugar and chocolate in the kitchen. Charlie was busy B-40 there. As soon as he saw her, he said happily, “I’ve bought all the food you like, dear!”
B-31. Which one is the best to fill in the blank?
A
no
B
some
C
much
D
enough
正确答案：A学生答案：A
老师点评：
答案解析：
查理家境贫困，父母没有钱资助他上学，故选no。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
32
阅读B-31题干中材料，完成本题。
B-32. Which one is the best to fill in the blank?
A
lazy
B
clever
C
careful
D
hard
正确答案：B学生答案：B
老师点评：
答案解析：
根据下文，查理不负众望，说明他聪明好学，故选clever。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
33
阅读B-31题干中材料，完成本题。
B-33. Which one is the best to fill in the blank?
A
did well in
B
was poor at
C
was working
D
was good for
正确答案：A学生答案：A
老师点评：
答案解析：
查理学习刻苦，并顺利完成了学业，说明他各门功课成绩较好，故选did well in。D选项介词用错，正确词组为was good at。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
34
阅读B-31题干中材料，完成本题。
B-34. Which one is the best to fill in the blank?
A
was angry
B
thought hard
C
agreed
D
said “No.”
正确答案：C学生答案：C
老师点评：
答案解析：
根据下文查理娶了金先生女儿为妻并精心呵护她，说明查理同意了金先生的请求，故选agreed。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
35
阅读B-31题干中材料，完成本题。
B-35. Which one is the best to fill in the blank?
A
a little
B
a few
C
many
D
a lot
正确答案：D学生答案：D
老师点评：
答案解析：
根据下文妻子胖得不能走路，说明她食物吃得多。此外食物为不可数名词，因此只能用a lot of来修饰。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
36
阅读B-31题干中材料，完成本题。
B-36. Which one is the best to fill in the blank?
A
rest
B
sleep
C
hospital
D
work
正确答案：C学生答案：C
老师点评：
答案解析：
心脏不好，应去医院检查，下文指出为她检查的正是医生，故选hospital。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
37
阅读B-31题干中材料，完成本题。
B-37. Which one is the best to fill in the blank?
A
should
B
would
C
to
D
not to
正确答案：D学生答案：D
老师点评：
答案解析：
由于她的病是因营养过剩引起的，医生应让她不要吃肉，糖果之类的食物，故选not to。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
38
阅读B-31题干中材料，完成本题。
B-38. Which one is the best to fill in the blank?
A
to remember
B
to forget
C
to catch
D
to teach
正确答案：B学生答案：B
老师点评：
答案解析：
她害怕忘了医生的指示，因此将其写在纸上，故选to forget。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
39
阅读B-31题干中材料，完成本题。
B-39. Which one is the best to fill in the blank?
A
slept
B
went out
C
cooked
D
ate
正确答案：B学生答案：B
老师点评：
答案解析：
与下文相对应，这里应填went out。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：一般得分：2
40
阅读B-31题干中材料，完成本题。
B-40. Which one is the best to fill in the blank?
A
reading
B
seeing
C
cooking
D
writing
She bought several clothes shops and prepared to build up a chain.
A
她盘下了几家服装店，并且打算再开一家新的分店。
B
她买下了几家服装店，并且准备建立连锁店。
C
她把几家商店的衣服都买下来了，衣服多的像链条一样挂满了屋子。
D
她买下了几家服装店．并且想再买一条项链。
Compared with the developed countries, some African countries are left far behind in terms of people’ s living standard.
A
与发达国家相比，一些非洲国家在人民生活水平上还相差甚远。
B
相比较发展过的国家，一些非洲国家的人民生活水平远远落后。
C
与发达国家相比，在人民生活水平方面一些国家很落后。
D
就人民生活水平而言，一些非洲国家被落在了发达国家后面。
No matter how long or short the letter is, what really counts is that it’ s heart-warming.
A
不管信是多么长，人心是不可计数的。
B
信的长短无所谓，真正可以计数的是它能温暖人心。
C
信的长短无所谓，关键是它能温暖人心。
D
不管信是长还是短，真正重要的是它能温暖人心。
Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace man.
A
尽管电子计算机有许多优点，可是它不能理解创造性工作，也不能代替人类。
B
有许多优点的电子计算机也不能代替人类去做创造性工作。
C
电子计算机有很多缺点，既不能进行创造性工作，也不能代替人类。
D
尽管电子计算机有许多优点，可是它不能进行创造性工作．也不能代替人类。
It must be admitted that a good deal of dissatisfaction is reflected in those report.
A
它必须被承认，也就是说这些报道反应了很多不满情绪。
B
必须承认，这些报道反应了很多不满情绪。
C
我们必须承认，这些报道确实反应了很多潜在的不满情绪。
D
这些报道反映出很多不满情绪的这个事实是应该被承认的。
On Success (论成功)
写作说明：
（1）成功对于每个人来说都很重要；
（2）决定成功的因素有很多，你认为主要有……
The latest in cat research reveals that the lovely animal seems to have a basic grasp on both the laws of physics and the ins and outs of cause and effect.
According to a newly published study, cats seem to be able to predict the location of hiding prey（猎物）using both their ears and an inborn（天生的） understanding off how the physical world works.
In a recent experiment, Japanese researchers taped 30 domestic cats reacting to a container that a team member shook. Some containers rattled （发出响声）;others did not. When the container was tipped over, sometimes an object fell out and sometimes it didn.t.
It turns out that the cats were remarkably smart about what would happen when a container was tipped over. When an object did not drop out of the bottom of a rattling container, they looked at it for a longer time than they did when the container behaved as expected.
"Cats use a causal-logical understanding of noise or sounds to predict the appearance of invisible objects,"lead researcher Saho Takagi says in a press release. The researchers conclude that cats. hunting style may have developed based on their common-sense abilities to infer where prey is, using their hearing.
Scientists have explored this idea with other endearing creatures: babies. Like cats, babies appear to engage in what.s called "preferential looking"---looking longer at things that are interesting or unusual than things they perceive as normal.
When babies. expectations are violated in experiments like the ones performed with the cats, they react much like their animal friends. Psychologists have shown that babies apparently expect their world to comply with the laws of physics and cause and effect as early as two months of age.
Does the study mean that cats will soon grasp the ins and outs of cause and effect? Maybe. Okay, so cats may not be the next physics faculty members at America.s most important research universities. But by demonstrating their common sense, they.ve shown that the divide between cats and humans may not be that great after all.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
1
What do we learn from a newly published study about cats?
A
They can be trained to understand the physical world.
B
They know what kind of prey might be easier to hunt.
C
They have a natural ability to locate animals they hunt.
D
They are capable of telling which way their prey flees.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
2
What may account for the cats. response to the noise from the containers?
A
Their inborn sensitivity to noise.
B
Their unusual sense of direction.
C
Their special ability to perceive.
D
Their mastery of cause and effect.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
3
What is characteristic of the way cats hunt, according to the Japanese researchers?
A
They depend on their instincts.
B
They rely mainly on their hearing.
C
They wait some time before attack.
D
They use both their ears and eyes.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
4
In what way do babies behave like cats?
A
They focus on what appears odd.
B
They view the world as normal.
C
They do what they prefer to do.
D
They are curious about everything.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
5
What can we conclude about cats from the passage?
A
They have higher intelligence than many other animals.
B
They interact with the physical world much like humans.
C
They display extraordinarily high intelligence in hunting.
D
They can aid physics professors in their research work.
Imagine you enter a car with no steering wheel, no brake or accelerator pedals（踏板）.Under a voice-activated command, you say an address. “The fastest route will take us 15.3 minutes. Should I take it?” You say “yes” and you are on your way. The car responds and starts moving all by itself. All you have to do is sit back and relax.
How weird would it be if, one day in the future, everyone had such a car? No crazy driving, no insults, no cutting in; traffic laws would be respected and driving much safer. On the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement and town budgets without all those speeding and parking tickets.
A new technology has the potential to change modern society in radical ways. There’s no question that self-driving vehicles could be an enormous benefit. The potential for safer cars means accident statistics would drop: some 94% of road accidents in the U. S. involve human error. Older drivers and visually- or physically-impaired people would gain a new level of freedom. Maintaining safe speeds and being electric, self-driving cars would drastically reduce pollution levels and dependency on non-renewable fuels. Roads would be quieter, people safer.
But we must also consider the impact of the new technology on those who now depend on driving for their livelihoods. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, in May 2020 there were 505,560 registered school bus drivers. The American Trucking Association lists approximately 3.5 million professional truck drivers in the U.S.
The companies developing self-driving vehicles should be partnering with state and federal authorities to offer retraining for this massive workforce, many of whom will be displaced by the new technology. This is similar to what’s happening in the coal and oil industries, a situation that fuels much of the current political discontent in this country.
New technologies will, and should, be developed. This is how society moves forward. However, progress can’t be one-sided. It is necessary for the companies and state agencies involved to consider ethical consequences of these potential changes to build a better future for all.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
1
What would be the impact of the extensive use of driverless cars?
A
People would be driving in a more civilized way.
B
It would save local governments a lot of money.
C
More policemen would be patrolling the streets.
D
Traffic regulations would be a thing of the past.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
2
How would the elderly and the disabled benefit from driverless cars?
A
They could enjoy greater mobility.
B
They would suffer no road accidents.
C
They would have no trouble driving.
D
They could go anywhere they want.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
3
What would be the negative impact of driverless cars?
A
The conflict between labor and management would intensify.
B
The gap between various sectors of society would be widened.
C
Professional drivers would have a hard time adapting to new road conditions.
D
Numerous professional drivers would have to find new ways of earning a living.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
4
What is the result of the introduction of new technologies in energy industries?
A
Political dissatisfaction.
B
Retraining of employees.
C
Fossil fuel conservation.
D
Business restructuring.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
5
What does the author suggest businesses and the government do?
A
Keeр pace with technological developments.
B
Make new technologies affordable to everyone.
C
Enable everyone to benefit from new technologies.
D
Popularize the use of new technologies and devices.
Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.
The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic（神经质的）than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.
Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.
Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.
Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.
Personality isn.t destiny（命运）, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn.t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
1
The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is _____.
A
to see whether people.s personality affects their life span
B
to find out if one.s lifestyle has any effect on their health
C
to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life
D
to examine all the factors contributing to longevity
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
2
What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?
A
They have a good understanding of evolution.
B
They are better at negotiating an agreement.
C
They generally appear more resourceful.
D
They are more likely to get over hardship.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
3
What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?
A
Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.
B
Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.
C
Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.
D
Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
4
What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?
A
Children.s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.
B
People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.
C
Mothers. influence on children may last longer than fathers..
D
Mothers. negative personality characteristics may affect their children.s life span.
题型：单选题客观题分值2分
5
What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?
A
Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one.s life span.
B
Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.
C
Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.
D
Health is in large part related to one.s lifestyle.
要求在30分钟内，根据下面所给的题目与所给写作要求，用英语写出一篇不少于150词的短文。
We Shouldn.t Totally Turn to the Internet
请依照以下写作要求进行写作：
1、现在不少人一遇到问题就上网搜答案
2、这种现象可能产生的影响
3、你认为应该怎么做