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乐山师范学院商务英语
to withhold
A. to offer something for a decision
B. to have a particular right to do
C. to put something in a particular order
D. to refuse to give or to keep back
put forward A. to arrange for something B. to come on something C. to put on an event D. to suggest an idea for consideration
to schedule A. to take on responsibility B. to trust in someone C. to bring in a consultant D. to list or state details
to boost A. to take back or to remove B. to refuse to give C. to become less in number or smaller D. to improve or increase
(1) sub-standard A. 不合标准的 B. 标准化的 C. 附属的标准 D. 次品
bull market A. 熊市 B. 牛市 C. 集市 D. 证券市场
security center A. 证券交易中心 B. 期货中心 C. 保险中心 D. 保障中心
It is proposed that A. 可能会… B. 最好会… C. 应该是… D. 必定会…
in principle A. 适用于 B. 主要来讲 C. 原则上 D. 规定
WTO It is well known that the World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only international organization（1） with the global rules of trade between notions. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly as possible. It was founded in 1993 by the Final Act that concluded the Urugudy Round of multilateral negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT), which it （2）, and exists to administer and police the 28 free-trade agreements, oversee world trade practices, and adjudicate trade disputes. It began its operation on January 1, 1995, with its general council （3） 76 member states; by early 1999 it numbered 134 members. The result of it is to make a more prosperous, peaceful and accountable economic world. Decisions in the WTO are typically by （4） among all member countries and they are ratified by members’ parliaments. Trade friction is channeled into the WTO’s dispute settlement process where the focus is on interpreting agreements and commitments, and how to ensure that countries’ trade policies（5） with them. That way, the risk of disputes spilling over into political or military conflict is reduced. By lowering trade barriers, the WTO’s system also breaks down other barriers between peoples and nations. At the heart of the system-known as the （6） trading system-are the WTO’s agreements, negotiated and signed by a large majority of the world’s trading nations, and （7） in their parliaments. These agreements are the legal ground-rules for international commerce. Essentially, they are contracts, guaranteeing member countries important trade rights. They also bind governments to keep their trade policies within agreed limits to everybody’s benefit. The agreements were negotiated and signed by governments. But their purpose is to help producers of goods and services, exporters and importers conduct their business. The goal is to improve the welfare of the peoples of the member countries. The past 50 years have seen an （8） growth in world trade. Merchandise exports grew on average by 6% annually. Total trade in 1997 was 14 times the level of 1950. GATT and the WTO have helped to create a strong and prosperous trading system contributing to （9）growth. The system was developed through a series of trade negotiations, or rounds, held under GATT. The first rounds dealt mainly with tariff reductions but later negotiations included other areas such as anti-dumping and non-tariff measures. The latest round - the 1986-84 Uruguay Round - led to the WTO’s creation. Decisions are made by the entire membership. A majority vote is also possible but it has never been used in the WTO, and was extremely rare under the WTO’s （10）, GATT. The WTO’s agreements have been ratified in all members’ parliaments.
When did humans first arrive at the concept of money? What conditions spawned it? And how did it affect the ancient societies that created it? Until recently, re- searchers thought they had the answers. (1)(____). But few see the matter so simply now. With evidence gleaned from such disparate sources as ancient temple paintings, clay tablets, and buried hoards of un- coined metals, researchers have revealed far more ancient money: silver scraps and bits of gold, massive rings and gleaming ingots. (2)(____).There, they suggest, wealthy citizens were flaunting money at least as early as 2500 B.C. and perhaps a few hundred years before that. "There.s just no way to get around it," says Marvin Powell, a historian at Northern Illinois University in De Kalb. "Silver in Mesopotamia functions like our money today. It.s a means of exchange. People use it for a storage of wealth, and they use it for defining value." Many scholars believe money began even earlier. ‘My sense is that as far back as the written records go in Mesopotamia and Egypt, some form of money is there,’ observes Jonathan Williams, curator of Roman and Iron Age coins at the British Museum in London. "That suggests it was probably there beforehand, but we can. t tell because I we don.t have any written records." Just why researchers have had such difficulties in uncovering these ancient moneys has much to do with the practice of archeology and the nature of money itself. Archeologists, after all, are the ultimate Dumpster divers: they spend their careers sifting through the trash of the past, ingeniously reconstructing vanished lives from broken pets and dented knives. (3)(____)Money doesn.t always come in the form of dimes and sawbucks, even today. As a means of payment and a way of storing wealth, it assumes many forms, from debit cards and checks to credit cards and mutual funds. The forms it took in the past have been, to say the least, elusive. From the beginning, money has shaped human society. It greased the wheels of Mesopotamian commerce, spurred the development of mathematics, and helped officials and kings rake in taxes and impose fines. (4)(____). "If there were never any money, there would never have been prosperity," says Thomas Wyrick, an economist at Southwest Missouri State University in Springfield, who is studying the origins of money and banking. "Money is making all this stuff happen." Ancient texts show that almost from its first recorded appearance in the ancient Near East, money preoccupied estate owners and scribes, water carriers and slaves. In Mesopotamia, as early as 3000 BC, scribes devised pictographs suitable for recording simple lists of concrete objects, such as grain consignments. (5) (____)
贵公司可能注意到了原材料价格的上涨趋势,种种迹象表明这种趋势将持续下去。在此情况下,我们想提醒你们,在近期内 不可能再有相同的报盘。
seminar A. survival B. study of a university C. sightseeing D. social setting
breach A. an act of breaking a law, promise B. a specialized company C. a part of an institution D. an agreement or contract
currency A. the money in use in a particular country B. flow of price C. at present D. deposit in the bank
put forward A. to arrange for something B. to come on something C. to put on an event D. to suggest an idea for consideration
to schedule A. to take on responsibility B. to trust in someone C. to bring in a consultant D. to list or state details
to boost A. to take back or to remove B. to refuse to give C. to become less in number or smaller D. to improve or increase
(1) sub-standard A. 不合标准的 B. 标准化的 C. 附属的标准 D. 次品
bull market A. 熊市 B. 牛市 C. 集市 D. 证券市场
security center A. 证券交易中心 B. 期货中心 C. 保险中心 D. 保障中心
It is proposed that A. 可能会… B. 最好会… C. 应该是… D. 必定会…
in principle A. 适用于 B. 主要来讲 C. 原则上 D. 规定
WTO It is well known that the World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only international organization（1） with the global rules of trade between notions. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly as possible. It was founded in 1993 by the Final Act that concluded the Urugudy Round of multilateral negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT), which it （2）, and exists to administer and police the 28 free-trade agreements, oversee world trade practices, and adjudicate trade disputes. It began its operation on January 1, 1995, with its general council （3） 76 member states; by early 1999 it numbered 134 members. The result of it is to make a more prosperous, peaceful and accountable economic world. Decisions in the WTO are typically by （4） among all member countries and they are ratified by members’ parliaments. Trade friction is channeled into the WTO’s dispute settlement process where the focus is on interpreting agreements and commitments, and how to ensure that countries’ trade policies（5） with them. That way, the risk of disputes spilling over into political or military conflict is reduced. By lowering trade barriers, the WTO’s system also breaks down other barriers between peoples and nations. At the heart of the system-known as the （6） trading system-are the WTO’s agreements, negotiated and signed by a large majority of the world’s trading nations, and （7） in their parliaments. These agreements are the legal ground-rules for international commerce. Essentially, they are contracts, guaranteeing member countries important trade rights. They also bind governments to keep their trade policies within agreed limits to everybody’s benefit. The agreements were negotiated and signed by governments. But their purpose is to help producers of goods and services, exporters and importers conduct their business. The goal is to improve the welfare of the peoples of the member countries. The past 50 years have seen an （8） growth in world trade. Merchandise exports grew on average by 6% annually. Total trade in 1997 was 14 times the level of 1950. GATT and the WTO have helped to create a strong and prosperous trading system contributing to （9）growth. The system was developed through a series of trade negotiations, or rounds, held under GATT. The first rounds dealt mainly with tariff reductions but later negotiations included other areas such as anti-dumping and non-tariff measures. The latest round - the 1986-84 Uruguay Round - led to the WTO’s creation. Decisions are made by the entire membership. A majority vote is also possible but it has never been used in the WTO, and was extremely rare under the WTO’s （10）, GATT. The WTO’s agreements have been ratified in all members’ parliaments.
When did humans first arrive at the concept of money? What conditions spawned it? And how did it affect the ancient societies that created it? Until recently, re- searchers thought they had the answers. (1)(____). But few see the matter so simply now. With evidence gleaned from such disparate sources as ancient temple paintings, clay tablets, and buried hoards of un- coined metals, researchers have revealed far more ancient money: silver scraps and bits of gold, massive rings and gleaming ingots. (2)(____).There, they suggest, wealthy citizens were flaunting money at least as early as 2500 B.C. and perhaps a few hundred years before that. "There.s just no way to get around it," says Marvin Powell, a historian at Northern Illinois University in De Kalb. "Silver in Mesopotamia functions like our money today. It.s a means of exchange. People use it for a storage of wealth, and they use it for defining value." Many scholars believe money began even earlier. ‘My sense is that as far back as the written records go in Mesopotamia and Egypt, some form of money is there,’ observes Jonathan Williams, curator of Roman and Iron Age coins at the British Museum in London. "That suggests it was probably there beforehand, but we can. t tell because I we don.t have any written records." Just why researchers have had such difficulties in uncovering these ancient moneys has much to do with the practice of archeology and the nature of money itself. Archeologists, after all, are the ultimate Dumpster divers: they spend their careers sifting through the trash of the past, ingeniously reconstructing vanished lives from broken pets and dented knives. (3)(____)Money doesn.t always come in the form of dimes and sawbucks, even today. As a means of payment and a way of storing wealth, it assumes many forms, from debit cards and checks to credit cards and mutual funds. The forms it took in the past have been, to say the least, elusive. From the beginning, money has shaped human society. It greased the wheels of Mesopotamian commerce, spurred the development of mathematics, and helped officials and kings rake in taxes and impose fines. (4)(____). "If there were never any money, there would never have been prosperity," says Thomas Wyrick, an economist at Southwest Missouri State University in Springfield, who is studying the origins of money and banking. "Money is making all this stuff happen." Ancient texts show that almost from its first recorded appearance in the ancient Near East, money preoccupied estate owners and scribes, water carriers and slaves. In Mesopotamia, as early as 3000 BC, scribes devised pictographs suitable for recording simple lists of concrete objects, such as grain consignments. (5) (____)
贵公司可能注意到了原材料价格的上涨趋势,种种迹象表明这种趋势将持续下去。在此情况下,我们想提醒你们,在近期内 不可能再有相同的报盘。
seminar A. survival B. study of a university C. sightseeing D. social setting
breach A. an act of breaking a law, promise B. a specialized company C. a part of an institution D. an agreement or contract
currency A. the money in use in a particular country B. flow of price C. at present D. deposit in the bank